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The ivory wands of the Middle Kingdom display various creatures to be annihilated by protective deities, especially snakes and human foes. It seems that the snakes pictured on the ivory wands represent chaotic numina of primeval times which endanger the uncreated and the animate world. The human foes on the other side are foreigners like Libyans, Asians, Nubians and rebels. It is interesting to note...
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