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The concept of a hardware-in-the-loop method of implementing open-loop control of a three phase modular multilevel converter (MMC) using a cyclone II FPGA (field-programmable gate array) device on an Altera DE2 board is presented. Control signals are generated for the lower and upper level of each arm of the MMC by comparing reference signals with a carrier signal. This MMC topology employs a large...
Using field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and current oversampling, a novel approach for anisotropy-based position estimation of PM synchronous machines is presented. A least mean squares regression of the current samples is performed by an FPGA during the inverter's passive switching states to compute current slopes at active voltage vectors and evaluate them for position estimation. Using the predictive...
Non-linear solar photovoltaic (SPV) system characteristics and its dependency on meteorological variables of irradiance and temperature; renders this energy source rather involved to visualize. In this paper a low power realtime SPV module simulator is realized in field programmable gate array (FPGA) XCS100E platform for classroom teaching. FPGA platform is used due to its parallel computing nature...
This paper presents multicarrier Phase Disposition PWM (PDPWM) technique with elliptical wave as reference wave for Cascaded Multilevel Inverter (CMLI). The proposed control strategy has been implemented using Xilinx System Generator (XSG) to reduce the complexity of the implementation. The XSG directly synthesis the block sets and generated the HDL code for the target FPGA board. This paper uses...
In power electronic applications, the most imported design points are efficiency and size. One approach is to increase the switching frequency of the semiconductors to reduce the size of passive components. But smaller passive components increase the dynamics of the system and the control system also has to handle these higher dynamics. This paper presents the control of a phase shifted resonance...
Network technology realizes ultra high speed digital data transmission system. FPGA based hardware controller can utilize this technology in the power electronics fields. Nano seconds order data transmission can be realized. In this paper, Rocket I/O protocol was applied to the FPGA based hardware controller, the network based high speed feedback implementation can be realized. 1MHz multi sampling...
Mutual limitations for base clock frequency, carrier frequency and resolution for standard pulse-width modulator (PWM) are described. A new adjustable compact implementation of the enhanced digital PWM-modulator similar to standard PWM but without its limitations is explained. The proposed algorithm allows 16 bits resolution and more with the carrier frequency being as high as desired (up to the system...
Hardware in the Loop (HiL) supports development processes in many types of applications. Power electronic systems with switching frequencies up to several kilo hertz constitute some of the most demanding applications for the quantization time of the HiL. The non-avoidable delay forces very short calculation periods which lead to high effort in hardware and software implementation. For PWM based controllers...
Conventional lamps plug directly in AC power; however, LED lighting systems require drivers with diverse specifications, which increases design complexity and manufacturing costs. This study developed a universal architecture for driving multi-power LED panels with the ability to automatically track the output voltage. Continuous monitoring of the LED level also makes it possible to use buck conversion...
The stepper motor is a kind of angle tracking component with its own inherent characteristics such as low cost, simple structure and the open loop system, so it is widely applied due to these advantages. However, the stepper motor also has many disadvantages. For example, the resolution is so low that oscillation occurs in the low frequency, while the loss of the step occurs in the high frequency,...
This paper proposes an implementation of a high resolution symmetric pulse width modulator based on FPGA. The proposed modulator is based on counters which are fed with phase-shifted clocks, generated by a Phase-Locked Loop, in order to obtain phased PWM pulses. The resolution depends on the number of phase shifted clocks available on the FPGA. Also, a technique to obtain a symmetrical modulator based...
Switch mode Converters are inherent part of modern gadgets, motor drives and power control. To regulate the output voltage, an efficient control is necessary. Digital control is preferred over analog control since it has advantages like low power consumption, less variation to noise, less component variation and programmability. There are various platforms available for control like Microcontroller,...
Inverter disturbance has been widely discussed to improve the performance of AC motor control, with the very high nonlinearity and uncertainty of power electronic devices, it is still very difficult to be estimated and compensated accurately; therefore, the performances of most AC motor observers are affected by the inaccurate terminal voltage estimation. In this paper, the principle of PWM (pulse...
The control algorithms and their software implementation play crucial role in real-time embedded systems reliability and safety. Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) based hardware in the loop (HIL) is a relatively new technique used for development and testing of hard real-time complex systems. The system simulator implemented in FPGA provides real time reactions to control system actuations. The...
Human machine interactions plays a vital role in numerous applications such as biomedical, communication systems, automobiles and also in commercial electronic equipment. During surgeries, utilizing a robotic arm to perform the task will help in maintaining a non-infectious environment, thereby aid in the speedy recovery of patients. During industrial inspection of materials or products, usage of...
In this paper the design of control law to calculate width of PWM pulse to generate the desire output voltage is described. Design of hardware and control law is carried out by considering 100 Watt application(load). This design is carried out with state space variable using digital control technique. Digital controlier is design using pole placement technique to achive desire transient response....
In many power electronic applications the request of short development time demands reliable simulation studies to prove the control concepts in early developments stages and avoid critical behavior in real application. Simulation studies are sufficient to prove the general behavior of a control code. However, the platform architecture of the target hardware influences control behavior and code stability...
The design of embedded control systems is rapidly change during the last decade. Guaranteeing the safety of these systems is a very challenging topic. It is possible to identify two main factors that are involved in the control of those systems: Hardware/Software (HW-SW) codesign and dynamic reconfiguration. Furthermore, the use of an embedded operating system associated with a functional module library...
The Fundamental PWM Excitation (FPE) is a recent sensorless motor control method in the electrical drive system which uses the current derivative measurement to estimate the rotor position. However, parasitic effects arising from the IGBT switches cause high frequency oscillation in current, so the current derivative estimation cannot be made until these high frequency oscillations die down. In this...
This paper presents an experimental flexible Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based platform for testing and verifying digital controlled dc-dc converters. The platform supports different types of control strategies, dc-dc converter topologies and switching frequencies. The controller platform has a synchronized load change mechanism and build-in acquisition memory, which makes it possible to,...
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