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In wireless sensor networks, an energy-efficient routing protocol plays a crucial role in extending the lifetime of the network. In order to realise this, an optimal coverage-preserving scheme (OCoPS) has been proposed by Boukerche et al. in 2005 as an add-on to the Low-energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) protocol. This scheme operates alongside another coverage-preserving scheme that excludes...
Given the fact that LEACH protocol didn't take the residual energy of nodes into account when choosing the cluster heads, which may result in the node with rather low energy to be chosen as a cluster head. Thus, it will cause the cluster created by this low-energy node to be dead at an early stage, which wastes the whole network's resource. Here in this paper, we introduced an energy factor when choosing...
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) are of paramount significance since they are responsible for maintaining the routes in the network, data forwarding, and ensuring reliable multi-hop communication. The main requirement of a wireless sensor network is to prolong network energy efficiency and lifetime. Researchers have developed protocols Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and Power-Efficient...
Wireless sensor network is typically used to detect and monitor various types of objects in real-time monitoring area in which security is one major challenge. Evaluation of nodes' trust is proven to be an effective solution of improving security, supporting decision-making and nodes collaboration in both wired and wireless networks. However, existing approaches of trust management emphasize mostly...
The clustering routing protocol has excellent network scalability and efficient communication efficiency. This paper has a study on the representation of protocol ----LEACH protocol. We have proposed multi-hop clustering routing protocol for the theory of wireless sensor networks. We can use multi-hop relay to save energy as the energy consumption of the edge node in the cluster considered. Because...
Aim at the energy-limited characteristic of wireless sensor network, extend the life of wireless sensor network when it isn't possible to supply energy, Focused on the LEACH protocol, raise a new WLEACH protocol by three improved aspects. The WLEACH protocol can extend the life of wireless sensor network by more than one time according to the simulation experiment.
The work researches on improving the comprehensive utilization of sensor-nodes-energy, and prolongs maximally the lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). A Routing Protocol based on Unequal Clustering and Two-cluster-Heads (RPUCTH) is presented. The protocol is based on the LEACH protocol. In the clustering stage, it joins the unequal clusters, two-head clusters which have a primary head node...
As the use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has grown enormously in the past few decades, the need of scalable & energy efficient routing and data aggregation protocol for large-scale deployments has also risen. LEACH is a hierarchical clustering protocol that provides an elegant solution for such protocols. One deficiency that affects the performance of the protocol is existence of very large...
Prolonged lifetime, improved coverage, and load balancing are important requirements in wireless sensor network applications. In this paper, we propose a new clustering protocol-adaptive clustering algorithm based on energy restriction (ACAER), which periodically selects cluster nodes according to their coverage rate and residual energy. ACAER has no assumptions about the distribution or density of...
The main goal of Cluster-based sensor networks is to decrease system delay and reduce energy consumption. LEACH is a cluster-based protocol for micro sensor networks which achieves energy-efficient, scalable routing and fair media access for sensor nodes. However, the election of a malicious or compromised sensor node as the cluster head is one the most significant breaches in cluster-based wireless...
Adaptive clustering is one of the common methods in wireless sensor networks to prolong the network lifetime. Single-hop dynamic clustering proposed in LEACH protocol is simple and energy-efficient. By random clustering, it causes uneven energy consumption and terrible energy consumption when sink node is far away from the network. We develop a protocol called TCMR (Twice Clustering and Multi-hop...
The Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a type of the wireless ad-hoc networks. It consisting of a large number of sensors is effective for gathering data in a variety of environments. Since the sensors operate on battery of limited power, it is a great challenging aim to design an energy efficient routing protocol, which can minimize the delay while offering high-energy efficiency and long span of network...
This paper, based on the existing LEACH routing algorithm, proposes a novel adaptive zone-crossed and virtual node for multi-hop routing algorithm for large-scale wireless sensor networks. At first, we introduce the concepts of “zone” and “virtual node”. On this basis, an equilibrium energy routing algorithm is proposed. The purpose is to optimize multi-hop routing by shortening distance. Our simulation...
Many routing protocols have been designed and evaluated for Wireless Sensor Networks using simulation tools. Only a few of these proposed works have been tested in real world scenarios. This paper presents a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) data aggregation & routing protocol that is particularly suited to largely deployed sensor networks. The proposed mechanism combines a gradient based routing...
Cluster-based routing protocol is always a hot research area in wireless sensor networks. Classical LEACH protocol has many advantages in energy efficiency, data aggregation and so on, so it is widely used until now. In this paper, based on the LEACH protocol, we propose a new distance-based clustering routing protocol, LEACH-SC (LEACH-selective cluster). In LEACH-SC, a new method is used to choose...
Clustering algorithm has an important effect on the performance of wireless sensor network. In this paper, a new Multi-Hop and Hierarchical Clustering algorithm (MHHC) is proposed to increases life time of wireless sensor networks. This algorithm selects the cluster-head with considering of three factors, maximum energy, the number of neighbors and the distance to base station or high level cluster-head...
LEACH is one classical protocol in wireless sensor network, which is a clustering-based protocol with good performance. In this paper, an improved routing algorithm based on LEACH protocol will be proposed, which involves cluster head choosing, multi-hop routing and the building of its path. Simulation in MATLAB, an improved routing algorithm has higher energy utilizing rate, and it helps prolong...
As WSN is a resource-constrained network, especially the limited energy, so it must maintain smaller router information and reduce the energy consumption as much as possible. This paper briefly introduces the wireless sensor network, and analysis the problems existed in LEACH routing protocol. Put forward the improved algorithm based on LEACH cluster head multi-hops algorithm, and under considering...
In this work, performance evaluation of LEACH and LEACH-C protocols based on NS2 is depicted, which helps to reveal the regularity how performances of these two routing protocols change with the sink locations. For a more accurate description of this regularity, two novel concepts are proposed, i.e., Sensor Node Distribution Gravity and Distance Metric between sink and Gravity. Simulation results...
The sensor nodes of a wireless grain depot surveillance system are deployed in crystal grids, which provide lot of valid position information. To avoid the energy consumption unbalance of the single hop routing model adopted by LEACH protocol, a novel hybrid routing model is proposed in this paper. Multi-hop routing is introduced into the distant field nodes through right angle transferring of approximate...
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