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Energy hole is regarded as one of the challenging issues in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). According to this problem, nodes that are closer to the sink lose their energy earlier than other nodes. Consequently, it leads to the early breakdown of the network. One approach for preventing this problem is to use mobile sink rather than one or more sinks with fixed positions. Also, using fuzzy logic and...
In recent decades, the significant expansion and popularity of wireless sensor networks in various applications have attracted the attention of many researchers. Energy and security restrictions are main challenges for the researchers. The application of these networks in inaccessible and dangerous environments and wireless communications between nodes have led them to be subjected to direct attacks;...
Large scale monitoring systems require reliable and efficient routing protocols used to overcome the limitations introduced by battery operated embedded devices, among which, energy consumption is considered the main concern. This topic has gained a lot of interest in the last decade. Due to numerous advantages, clustering is becoming more prevalent as a routing technology in WSN. This paper describes...
Applying cognitive radio capabilities in wireless sensor networks introduce a new paradigm called Cognitive Radio Sensor Network (CRSN). CRSN enables the sensor nodes as the secondary users to operate on the less crowded frequency bands and access the vacant channels within a frequency band originally licensed to a primary user. In CRSN, the clustering and data routing algorithms used in traditional...
A wireless sensor network (WSN) is composed of power-limited devices with constraints of size and condition etc. Due to impossibility to recharge or to replace the batteries of sensors, power control becomes a challenging issue in a WSN. To prolong the network lifetime, clustering is one of viable approaches. Among the clustering approaches, static clustering avoids the energy consumption in periodical...
In this paper, we concentrate on multi-target fusion and tracking problems in wireless sensor network (WSN) based on distributed clustering consensus filter. In particular, for the sake of the network lifetime and the tracking accuracy in multi-target cases, a distributed target-based clustering algorithm is proposed, which consists of the cluster member selection, the cluster head competition and...
In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), preserving energy requires utmost attention, as they are highly resource constrained. Clustering is commonly considered as one of the efficient energy conservation techniques. In a clustered WSN, due to the nature of operation, cluster heads (CHs) near the sink bear the major share of data forwarding compared with the CHs far away from the sink, resulting in an...
A Wireless Sensor Network consists of enormous amount of sensor nodes. These sensor nodes sense the information from the sensing region and transmit to the sink. From the sink a client can access the required information. Essential part of the wireless sensor network is the sensor nodes that are driven with the batteries. Prolonging the network lifetime is very difficult and expensive in many conditions...
Since sensor nodes are energy constrained as they have limited power resources, they turn off their energy earlier. So, it will be so hard and so expensive to change or recharge their batteries from one time to another especially for a large scale networks. Therefore, prolonging their lifetime is a key issue that should be highly considered. As a solution for this problem is to manage intelligently...
It is widely known that the process and performance of data aggregation in wireless sensor network is dependent on the effectiveness of clustering mechanism. However, existing research work towards clustering mechanism has been found to focus on selection on cluster-head majorly on the basis on energy. This is the prime reason for which the energy effectiveness has not completely been achieved in...
To select fair and balanced cluster head for cross layer protocol in wireless sensor network, a novel scheme is proposed in this paper. Because LEACH-C and its most of the variants select cluster head by considering energy and distance as a crucial parameter, it can reduce energy consumption of nodes but fail to create balanced cluster. According to the requirement of fair CH selection, we consider...
This paper emphasis on different hierarchical routing protocols in wireless sensor network. The Clustering approached is used in LEACH protocol for better communication with energy saving. The Sectoring Scheme is used in MARS approach for dividing the sensor network into different sectors. It improves reliability of an application or network. The working of both the approaches is explained in algorithmic...
Improvements to sensor devices including micro-electro mechanical devices that are used for information collection and dissemination has led to the introduction of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Sensor nodes in a WSN are deployed over an area to collect data from the surroundings and to perform additional actions including data aggregation and storage, computations and data transmission to gateway...
In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), efficient use of the nodes' available energy is the main goal which most of the routing protocols seek to achieve. In fact, clustering based routing protocols have gained vast approval due to its merit of less energy exhaustion. The expended energy by one cluster is divided into two main terms, namely, the expended energy in intra-cluster communication (Intra-term)...
The introduction of wireless charging is a major breakthrough for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) as it can solve the bottleneck of a limited network lifetime. Wireless charging is done via mobile chargers (MCs) that go to the nodes and recharge them using magnetic resonant coupling. Coordination among the MCs and adapting the routing with the heterogeneous charge depletion rate of the nodes is crucial...
Clustering is a hierarchical method to data transmission in wireless sensor networks, which has a considerable effect on energy conservation. A balanced and efficient clustering has an important role in these networks. This paper discusses an optimal clustering method in wireless sensor network. Firstly, by considering energy and distance parameters, we model the clustering problem using two techniques,...
Energy conservation is prime issue for wireless sensor network due to their limited battery life. Energy losses are occurring mostly on the edges of wireless sensor network, where most of the packet drops are occurred. In order to avoid this energy loss problem this paper has introduced concept of advance/ super node which can be deployed at edges of the network or inside to the network. For the cluster...
Wireless sensor network is built by deploying sensor nodes in the environment. Sensors perform the monitoring task substituting human presence at the site. Sensor nodes are freely deployed in the real time environment. Sensor nodes work on in-built batteries because it's not possible to provide power in the real time scenarios. Sensor nodes are freely deployed in the network without any supervision...
In today's world Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has gained a lot of recognition because of its wide-ranging areas of applications. Sensor nodes in WSNare connected to each other by networks, mainly powered by a battery source. These sensor nodes have lesser amount of power and computational capabilities. Typically, sensor nodes are deployed in remote areas where replacement of their batteries once...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is becoming very popular because of its use in different areas like data gathering, surveillance, monitoring and controls etc. WSN consist of large number of sensing devices. In the sensor network hundreds/thousands sensor nodes are available. The sensor nodes in WSN are normally consist with limited power supply. In wireless sensor network for increasing lifetime of...
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