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Reducing the capacitance of programmable capacitor arrays (PCAs), commonly used in analog integrated circuits, is necessary for low-energy applications. However, limited mismatch data are available for small capacitors. We report mismatch measurement for a 2-fF poly–insulator–poly (PIP) capacitor, which is the smallest reported PIP capacitor to the best of the authors' knowledge. Instead of using...
This paper describes the dielectric material and the structure of standard capacitors developed by NIM, with capacitance range of 1pF to 1µF and the accuracy of 5ppm to 50ppm at 1 kHz. High stability and high accuracy of standard capacitors mainly derives from a choice of dielectric materials which are fused-silica and nano-ceramic. And the capacitors are placed into a constant temperature control...
This paper describes a constant temperature control system for high accuracy standard capacitors developed by NIM. The system includes a constant temperature slot and temperature control circuit. Structure, material and some techniques on reducing the heat transfer of the constant temperature slot are discussed. The temperature control circuit based on PID automation control technology is used to...
This paper described the working principle of electronic balance by proposing a MSP430-based design of the strain gauge electronic balance. By introducing the passive filter network circuit to process the sensor output signal and adopting high-precision 24 A/D converter chip CS5532 to convert collected weighing data, the reliability of the input signals to be processed is increased. The combination...
Series resonance (SR) method was investigated for the realization of 100 mH inductance at 1 kHz in VNIIM and MIKES. Practical details of the application of this method and comparison with the results of realization by the Maxwell-Wien Bridge method are presented. Results showed that 1 s uncertainty of the 100 mH realization by SR method at 1 kHz can be at the level of parts in 106.
The first volume of an annual series entitled Progress in Dielectrics edited by Birks and Schulman1 appeared this year. Although this review is primarily concerned with dielectric theory and properties of materials, attention is also given to new experimental measurement techniques. Molecular Science and Molecular Engineering by von Hippel2 includes general sections on “Dielectrics and Waves” and...
A very comprehensive volume of “what every physicist should know” is now available in the Handbook of Physics edited by Condon and Odishaw (1). The handbook is divided into nine parts, each devoted to a different basic area of physics. In Part 4, Electricity and Magnetism, dielectrics are treated very thoroughly, starting from the basic theory of dielectrics. The basic theory of magnetic materials...
The fundamental electrical standards for the United States are maintained by the National Bureau of Standards. Silsbee1 describes briefly the d.c. and low frequency standards of resistance, inductance and capacitance. The radio-frequency standards and methods of measurement are described in a separate technical bulletin2. Laverick3 surveys the entire field of dielectric measurements, with special...
Small variable three-terminal air capacitors are becoming of increasing importance. Bowdler1 has constructed such a capacitor whose capacitance is known to 1% over the range from 0.01 to 10µ µf. This wide range is obtained by retracting the guarded electrode into a hole in the guard electrode. This produces an exponential relation between capacitance and motion of the electrode. It is similar to a...
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