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Different from general multi-failure, group-failure in cross-layer intelligent optical networks has the characteristic of cluster. Because multi-failure may occur due to single failure, it is more harmful for multi-failure than single failure. The original survivability with regards to multiple single failures is not suitable for group-failure based cross-layer survivability research. Group-failure...
Many models and topologies have been proposed for multi-party internet conferencing. The end-system mixing topology, where nodes are loosely coupled, is considered as one of the most popular, easy to deploy and less expensive among the other topologies. Otherwise, in some context, the centralized topology presents some drawbacks that limit conference development particularly when focus user (mixer)...
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