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Recently, a tremendous interest has been concentrated on the design and development of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) — distributed systems comprised of numerous wireless, sensor devices deployed densely in a sensing area. Battery powered sensors need efficient management due to limited energy resources, and energy conservation is a vital design issue that needs to be boosted in order to increase...
Industrial IoT networks are typically used for monitoring systems and supporting control loops, as well as for movement detection systems, process control and factory automation. To this end, data generated by monitoring IoT devices are collected, elaborated and sent to controllers and actuators. The routing of data from IoT sensors to actuators is an integral part of any large-scale industrial network...
Most home sensor devices nowadays is based on low data rate and on-demand routing protocol such as Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV). This routing protocol has less overhead and good efficiency in term of delivery ratio and bandwidth. AODV has two phases the route discover phase which discover route to the destination devices based on the shortest and the freshest hop, and the data delivery...
Several atypical hierarchical routing protocols have been proposed among which grid-based routing protocols are an efficient way of disseminating data towards a mobile sink. The network is partitioned into a virtual equal-sized grids. The proposed protocol, Mode-Switched Grid-based Routing (MSGR) for Wireless Sensor Networks selects one node per grid as the Grid Head. The routing path to the sink...
The routing algorithms for wireless sensor networks (WSN) are in process of optimization for addressing issues like energy conservation, delay and throughput in presence of limited resources in terms of memory, CPU processing power and power source (batteries). Although, it has not been possible to date, a development of routing algorithm addressing all the issues of WSN. Various tradeoffs exists...
The Internet of Things or ‘IoT’ described as a highly interconnected network of heterogeneous devices where all kinds of communications with any type of devices seem to be possible, preserving the location privacy of sensors always been a concern specifically in critical and strategic areas, Analyzing the traffic of the packets allow the eavesdropper to derive the location of sensitive, important...
Routing in cognitive radio networks (CRNs) faces many limitations that make it challenging. First, traditional routing protocols cannot be directly applied in CRNs because they consider fixed frequency band. Second, cognitive radio enables dynamic spectrum access which causes adverse effects on network performance. Third, effective routing in CR Networks (CRNs) needs local and continual knowledge...
Network lifetime is still the key issue when we deploy wireless sensor networks and IoT solutions in real-world applications. Current WSN research trends include duty-cycling at MAC layer and energy efficient routing at network layer, among others. In this study we propose an Optimal Probabilistic Energy-Aware Routing Protocol (OPEAR) for duty-cycled WSNs which aims at maximizing the network lifetime...
Recent advances in environmental sources harvesting technologies is a promising solution to provide sustainable energy sources for wireless sensor networks (WSN). Renewable energy sources such as solar, thermal and electromagnetic waves constitute viable alternatives to maximize the network lifetime. Therefore, networking software awareness and adaptability to energy availability conditions should...
The physical and logical representation of constrained embedded devices such as sensors and actuators plays a significant role in the Internet revolution to next era which is the Internet of Things (IoT). A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) comprises of several tiny devices (called nodes) with restricted resources and has a capability of sensing and monitoring a certain environment to collect data and...
In this paper, we propose an optimization scheme for avoiding void zone and minimization of uncertainty in glider's position estimation. Gliders stay at sojourn positions for predefined time. At these stops, self-confidence (s-confidence) and neighbor-confidence (n-confidence) regions are estimated. On the basis of present state of glider, it estimates s-confidence region and share control information...
Recently, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been employed in many real-world applications that greatly improve our life. Therefore, security in WSNs is a challenging task due to inheritance limitations of sensors and it becomes a good topic for researchers. In this work, we focus at secure hierarchical routing protocols in wireless sensor networks and represent selected approaches which focusing...
The wireless sensor network has importance on account of recent improvement of information technology. Micro-electrical mechanical system is used to evolve sensors over the last past decades. The enormous numbers of sensors are redistributed for sensing as well as accumulating data from its neighborhood through routing protocol. Industrial township area yields smoke on account of burning of diesel,...
Monitoring and controlling difficult terrains in a timely manner are a major application area of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Usually such areas are unreachable rendering battery change of sensor nodes infeasible. So data gathering protocols should be energy efficient to elongate WSN lifetime. We propose a data gathering method coined as FCM-DS-ACO which uses fuzzy c means (FCM) to cluster the...
The potentials of Internet of Things (IoT) are unlimited and a lot of IoT based applications have been recently explored. In IoT networks, anything can be enabled with network connectivity anytimes, and at anyplace. Path establishement from the source to the sink is an integral part of the IoT network. IPv6 Routing protocol for Low-power and Lossy networks (RPL) is a promising routing protocol for...
Spatially unbalanced energy consumption among sensors is the most important issue in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). This uneven energy consumption can significantly reduce network lifetime. The use of sink mobility with constrained paths and decreasing the message flood by limiting the flood area can help to improve the energy efficiency in WSNs. Maximum Amount Shortest Path routing (MASP) is an...
In this paper, we propose the spectrum and connectivity aware anchor-based routing protocol for cognitive radio vehicular ad hoc networks (CR-VANETs). The protocol has two modes: decision mode and forwarding mode. Decision is taken at the junctions to select the path which is highly connected and which has common idle channels between communicating vehicles. In forwarding mode, vehicles select the...
In India, during the last Four years, enormous highway accidents caused due to driving in dense fog conditions. For example, the Yamuna Expressway faced two record accidents in recent years. The first accident was in December 2014 in which nearly 27 cars rammed each other on the Expressway due to dense fog. The second was in January 2016 and it involved 35 vehicles. These two accidents and several...
Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a collection of large number of self-organized types of sensors which chain together to monitor and record physical or environmental conditions (i.e. used to measure temperature, sound, pressure) and passes gathered information to the central location. WSN build bridge between real world and virtual environment, which makes it more utilizable for many applications...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as the most preferable network for many applications which require pervasive computing. All such applications and environments need energy efficient routing. This has led to the evolution of hierarchical routing which has attracted many professionals towards this field for research and development. Hierarchical routing is energy-efficient and useful in...
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