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The increasing share of renewables is creating new challenges for distribution grids and operators have to adopt more and more advanced tools for the evaluation of network investments, especially for scenarios in which distributed generation is expected to drastically grow. In particular, the maximum connectable power (Hosting Capacity) as well as the benefits that Smart Grid technology can bring...
This paper discusses a hybrid electricity system (HES) for off-grid residential use, based on wind, photovoltaic (PV), battery storage systems, and a generator, using a house in Wellington as a case study. The HES is developed to adequately manage an average daily demand of about 10kWh for lighting, TVs, refrigerators, DVD players, computers etc., excluding cooking, hot water and heating appliances...
The integration of generation units in distribution grids is one of the main research topics in the field of smart grids. Governments are supporting the connection of small/medium size generators directly to the distribution network, but the consequent growing number of energy producers poses several technical issues. For the planning and operation of a distribution network it is then important to...
Caribbean islands such as the Bahamas, Grenada and St. Lucia are affected yearly by seasonal hurricanes and tropical storms which can lead to blackouts and voltage variations of the power system. The Bahamas in particular consists of 16 isolated island grids which inhabits a population of 300,000. Diesel generators are employed to provide electricity for each island, but with increasing oil prices,...
Decentralized generation (DG) systems are developed nowadays, as one of the possible means of addressing electricity and environmental challenges; they also offer social and economic benefits. DGs are suitable both for stand-alone and grid-tied applications. When operated in stand-alone, they could provide electricity for non-grid connected homes. However, in a grid-tied mode, they could supply power...
Along with the rising energy consumption in the world, new technologies will influence the way we generate, distribute and consume energy. Alongside others, distributed energy generation becomes a major trend in many countries. The fast upward penetration of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and the ongoing trend towards a more competitive electricity market requires new technologies and policies...
This paper presents a discussion on architecture-oriented assurance technology in Micro grid. We analyzed the characteristic of Micro grid from evolutional view, and proposed the concept of architecture-oriented assurance technology in Micro grid from the technology evolution and policy evolution. Technology evolution contained Function Evolution, Role Changing Autonomy and Role Coordination. Policy...
The issue of power quality in the distribution system is always in sense of the concern. With the high penetration of distributed generation (DG) currently, it tends to be more complicated. This paper presents a new approach to evaluate impacts of the DG on power quality of the distribution network. In the process an objective function will be modeled, which will be solved by the optimization toolbox,...
Distributed energy resources are increasingly being connected to the utility grid by means of an inverter. The basic information necessary for these inverter-connected distribution units are the frequency and phase angle of the utility grid. The phase angle can be estimated using phase-locked loops (PLLs). Voltage unbalance, harmonics and other kinds of undesirable pertubations are common conditions...
This paper presents the implementation of distributed controls in a microgrid operation. The approach utilizes the advantages of using Multi Agent Systems technology for controlled operation of a microgrid. The auctioneer aims to optimize the operation of the microgrid by optimizing the production of local distributed generators. An artificial immune system based algorithm is applied on a typical...
A number of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) of various technologies with various operating pattern and availability can be integrated in a Virtual Power Plant (VPP). Some of the Distributed Generators (DGs), those are dispatchable and have high capacity, can individually participate in the power market but they may choose VPP if they hope to reach a higher benefit in the power market through VPP...
The share of distributed generation (DG) in the power system generation is increasingly grown up and for the economical and technical reasons; their integration is deeply concentrated by the researchers. This paper reintroduces the integration of distributed energy resources (DER), i.e. DGs, controllable loads and energy storages, into micro grid and virtual power plant (VPP) and also reviews their...
Existing distribution networks have not been designed to accept extensive DG. The actual paradigm may change in the near future impelled by a word wide increasing of DG penetration in distribution grids. This paper presents the status and content of DG Spanish legislative documents. Fundamental considerations are first discussed, exclusively regarding the grid-interconnection requirement. This paper...
The use of distributed energy resources is increasing and represents a valid answer to environmental problems and to the significant costs of more traditional energy sources. The need of developing distributed energy systems is strictly related to the need of flexible and scalable high level controller, able to manage control references in order to optimise global system efficiency. This paper proposes...
The presence of distributed generation poses new challenges in the management and operation of electrical grids. Distributed generation (wind, combined heat and power, etc.) already accounts for 20% or more of total generation in some electric utilities and this figure is constantly increasing worldwide. TSOs, DSOs and energy markets need to have some visibility on a large number of small power injections...
Electrical distribution systems (EDS) are undergoing some significant changes at various scales and levels. These changes are triggered by several factors such as the event of distributed energy resources (DER) and the need to improve the quality of supply while achieving economical optima. Hence, several research initiatives, technological development and experiments have been launched worldwide...
This paper presents a microgrid paradigm with both DC and AC links, which may provide an effective way to integrate a heterogeneous set of small-size distributed energy resources into the existing electric power infrastructure. The collection of aggregated energy resource units at each level represents those distributed resources to the upper level as a single self-regulated entity (as a DC or AC,...
This paper presents modeling and simulation of microturbine (MT) to analyze its load following performance as distributed energy resource (DER) with general as well as critical priority loads. The system comprises of a synchronous generator and a MT coupled to it. Simulations are carried out in islanded and grid-connected mode of the system to observe its behavior when supplying customerpsilas variable...
Electric Utilities permitting interconnection of generation (small and/or large) on their power systems have long had standards which any entity wishing to interconnect has to meet. Recently the growing importance of distributed generation (mostly less than 10 MVA), especially using renewable sources, has prompted the creation of IEEE Std. 1547 which sets requirements and guidelines for interconnecting...
A microgrid supply/demand control system is proposed. In this control system, operation planning is realized based on generation and load forecasting by using artificial neural network and fuzzy systems. Unit commitment of generation includes start/stop of power generation and energy storage. Load following function is accomplished based on PI control scheme. To compensate for the power fluctuation...
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