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Distribution feeder protection could soon be complicated by nonradial flows of real and reactive power available from high penetration distributed generation and potentially from microgrids. Nondirectional overcurrent protection may not provide necessary security and sensitivity for faults on remote points of the circuit. Directional supervision is necessary to set overcurrent pickups with adequate...
Experience with connecting farm biogas generation to rural distribution feeders in Ontario has revealed several challenges with electrical protection. The biogas projects are small (<;500kW), synchronous, farm-based, and looking for an affordable protection solution involving the use of only low-voltage equipments. The utility feeders are generally at the 8.3kV and 12.5kV voltage levels, can involve...
Traditionally, most of the generation plants in the countries all over the world are constituted of big hydro or thermal generating units, which are subjected to grid codes minimum requirements concerning their operation either in normal or under emergency conditions. Such minimum requirements are intended to guarantee reliability and an economic and safe operation. With the rising of new renewable...
Increasing penetration of Distributed Generation (DG) in distribution networks significantly changes both the real and reactive power flows in the network and can create serious voltage control problems. Furthermore, traditional Automatic Voltage Control (AVC) schemes that can normally deal with the reverse power flows, are unable to cope with the voltage problems associated with the presence of DG...
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