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Energy-efficiency in underwater networks is a key issue that affects all aspects of network design, from hardware to protocols and applications. In this paper we analyze the impact of node density on the energy consumption in transmission, reception and idle-listening, in a network where nodes follow a duty cycle scheme. We consider the energy performance of the network for different scenarios, where...
In the past decade, the access to telephone services has increased drastically due to the deployment of wireless technologies and liberalization of telecommunications markets. But Internet access in most African rural communities still remains a dream. In today's digital age, the lack of Internet access to the rural communities will disadvantage poor communities to keep up with the global developments...
Most sensor networks do not support QoS or heterogeneity. As a result, current sensor networks are not suited for next-generation applications, such as wireless building automation, process control or medical applications. In this paper, we present an alternative architecture wherein the system is responsible for packet creation and packet manipulation. To support QoS, energy-efficiency and heterogeneity,...
A medium access control (MAC) protocol permits the nodes to access the shared medium by providing contention resolution mechanism. The design of MAC protocol in ad hoc networks becomes a more challenging task due to the interruptible energy source or limited battery life of nodes. This brings energy efficiency as the preliminary goal of the MAC protocol. MAC protocol for underwater acoustic sensor...
Energy efficiency is a critical issue for sensor network. In this paper we propose an energy efficient context adaptive MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks. The existing approaches improve energy efficiency by controlling the duty cycle of transmission period. The proposed protocol achieves that by letting each node stay in the sleep mode if the number of packets in the buffer is smaller than...
Although many medium access control (MAC) protocols have been specifically designed for WSNs where energy awareness is an essential consideration, only a few of them have considered the presence of mobile nodes or dynamic network topology in their protocols. However, they have usually considered occasional mobility, in which a few number of nodes may start moving at very low speeds and then remained...
MAC protocol is the major consumer of sensor energy because it controls the activity of wireless radio of sensor nodes directly. The energy efficiency of MAC protocol makes a strong impact on the network performance. TDMA-based MAC protocol is inherently collision free, and can rule out idle listening since nodes know when to transmit. But traditional TDMA protocol is not suitable for event driven...
In this paper, we propose a novel MAC protocol (RP-MAC) with a receiver preamble for wireless sensor networks. Energy efficiency is the most critical and fundamental factor in wireless sensor networks, because sensor nodes rely on the limited power source. For energy efficiency, the existing MAC protocols such as B-MAC and X-MAC change the active and sleep states periodically with a duty cycle. Even...
In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), a duty-cycling scheme is typically applied to the medium access control (MAC) protocol to reduce energy consumption due to idle listening. However, this scheme introduces huge end-to-end latency and still suffers from a large control packet overhead. We propose a new MAC protocol with low latency and low control overhead for WSNs use (the LCO-MAC). In our protocol,...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) find applications in remotely monitoring and tracking many objects. These networks are battery driven and hence a major constrain in a WSN is its low energy. One of the factors that reduce the energy efficiency is collision. In WSNs, the density of transmission for packets through the medium is often very high and as a result the traffic flow would be increased. These...
Energy efficiency is a primordial issue in the wireless sensor networks. This is achieved by deactivating nodes when possible. In this paper we describe the MAC protocol MaCARI that synchronizes nodes in order to schedule active and inactive periods. MaCARI divides time into three periods: a synchronization period, a scheduled activities period where communications are constrained by a tree and an...
According to the problem of long latency which caused by periodical sleep of the MAC protocol for existing competitive neural network, the paper proposes a short-latency MAC protocol based on TMAC multi-hop reservation, called MR-MAC. The protocol books some nodes in the whole communication link to decrease or eliminate the problem of long latency which caused by the periodical sleep of the node....
In this paper, we present a new MAC layer protocol for wireless sensor networks that reduces energy consumption and provides Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees through the use of service differentiation concept. The proposed protocol (named as EQ-MAC) consists of two sub-protocols: Classifier MAC (C-MAC), and Channel Access MAC (CA-MAC). C-MAC is responsible of classifying gathered data at sensor...
Wireless body area networks (WBAN) applications have emerged as one of the hottest research areas of wireless sensor networks (WSN). With the advent of miniature, cost effective and wearable sensor devices, WBAN has attracted large amount of research time. Lots of works are going on in this direction. Besides open issues in WSN like standardization, energy efficiency, security and privacy factors,...
Energy efficiency improvement methods can be applied at different layers of the network architecture for mobile ad-hoc networks. There have been many research efforts on improving the performance parameters at physical, data link, and network layers. The properties of directional antennas have been exploited for better energy efficiency. Some of the properties include simultaneous multiple transmissions,...
Wireless sensor networks have been studied with two typical applications called event-driven and periodic monitoring applications. Although these applications have different core requirements, they have the same low latency requirement for real-world operation. However, the main issue of the protocol in wireless sensor networks has focused on energy efficiency, so there has been a lack of consideration...
As a classic protocol based on the MAC protocol in wireless sensor networks, the S-MAC protocol has been arousing the people's widespread interests. From the view of energy efficiency and large simulation test, this paper analyses the relationship between traffic load and duty cycle in S-MAC and gets the relationship on known MAX energy efficiency. According to the relationship, this paper proposes...
In this paper, a novel cluster based adaptive MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks (WSN) is proposed, which is based on clustering network topology. In the proposed MAC protocol, sensor nodes can adjust the duty cycle freely according to traffic information collected by cluster head node. Meanwhile, by exploiting cross-layer routing information, sensor nodes can reduce the active period if no...
In the wireless sensor networks (WSNs), severe energy constraint necessitates energy-efficient protocols to fulfill application objectives. In this paper, we propose a novel cross-layer energy-efficient protocol-CLEEP, which adopts cross-layer strategy that considers physical layer, MAC layer, and network layer jointly. In the physical layer, we first coordinate the transmission power between two...
Several transmit power control MAC protocols have been designed primarily to reduce the energy consumption in wireless ad hoc networks. On the other hand, many adaptive rate MAC protocols have been mainly proposed to improve the network throughput. In this paper, we proposed a new energy efficient MAC protocol for the distributed coordination function (DCF) IEEE 802.11 b based ad hoc networks which...
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