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We investigated the efficacy of local intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of peptide and non-peptide μ-, δ- and κ-opioid receptor agonists in rat models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Locally applied agonists dose-dependently reduced formalin-induced flinching of the inflamed paw and induced antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effects in sciatic nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain. These effects...
High-threshold voltage-dependent calcium channels enable calcium ions to enter neurons upon depolarization and thereby influence synaptic mediator/receptor systems, membrane excitability levels, second and third messenger concentration, and gene expression. These phenomena underlie several processes including those of normal nociception and of hyperalgesia and allodynia. The present article deals...
Cholecystokinin (CCK) acts as an anti-opioid peptide. The mechanisms of CCK–opioid interaction under normal and pathological conditions were examined with various techniques. Nerve injury induces upregulation of CCK mRNA and CCK2 receptors in sensory neurons. The involvement of CCK in spinal nociception in normal and axotomized rats was examined. The CCK2 receptor antagonist CI-988 did not reduce...
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