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Methods to diagnose and monitor equine pregnancy continue to advance with improved instrumentation enabling the development of novel, non‐invasive approaches to assess fetal well‐being and viability using ultrasound and endocrine testing. From early embryonic loss to placentitis, that is typically encountered later in gestation, fetal viability and development as well as placental function can be...
Objectives
To compile a list of instant diagnoses of major fetal anomalies, and to present their sonographic descriptors and test them in a retrospective series of fetuses with congenital anomalies managed at our center.
Methods
The first step was to identify major anomalies that meet the following criteria: (1) can be diagnosed directly and unequivocally on the basis of a set of descriptors evident...