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Oxidative stress is a common denominator in the pathology of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis, as well as in ischemic and traumatic brain injury. The brain is highly vulnerable to oxidative damage due to its high metabolic demand. However, therapies attempting to scavenge free radicals...
Adenosine receptors modulate neuronal and synaptic function in a range of ways that may make them relevant to the occurrence, development and treatment of brain ischemic damage and degenerative disorders. A1 adenosine receptors tend to suppress neural activity by a predominantly presynaptic action, while A2A adenosine receptors are more likely to promote transmitter release and postsynaptic depolarization...
The term “neuroprotection” is often misused, overused, or misunderstood. A reasonable definition of neuroprotection refers to the preservation of “neuronal structure and/or function.” Although our knowledge about the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration has expanded, experimental systems and animal models that mimic the process or allow translation into clinical success remain limited...
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