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Accidents involving trains have been attributed to degraded track and rolling stock. Detection of anomalies that indicate degraded condition is critical. In this paper we present results of an experiment using a sensor system mounted on one of the 110 boxcars on a train on a high-tonnage loop test track. The sensor was a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) triaxial accelerometer module mounted on...
This paper reviews recent experimental confirmations that the intrinsic radiation robustness of commercial CMOS technologies naturally improves with the down-scaling. When additionally using innovative design techniques, it becomes now possible to assure that performance and radiation-hardness are both met. An illustration is given with an original nano-power and radiation-hardened 8 Mb SRAM designed...
In this paper, we present a new technique to improve the reliability of H-tree SRAM memories. This technique deals with the SRAM power-bus monitoring by using built-in current sensor (BICS) circuits that detect abnormal current dissipation in the memory power-bus. This abnormal current is the result of a single-event upset (SEU) in the memory and it is generated during the inversion of the state of...
Timing-error detection and recovery circuits are implemented in a 65 nm resilient circuit test-chip to eliminate the clock frequency guardband from dynamic supply voltage (VCC) and temperature variations as well as to exploit path-activation probabilities for maximizing throughput. Two error-detection sequential (EDS) circuits are introduced to preserve the timing-error detection capability of previous...
Since the very beginning of the flash memory era, the market has been dominated by the floating gate technology. However, as floating gate flash continues along a very steep scaling path, more and more barriers start to appear, limiting further scaling possibilities of the technology. At the same time, other concepts are preparing to take over. This paper concentrates on the prospect of high-k materials...
Multi-core SoC created great opportunities to increase overall system performance while keeping the power in check but also created many design challenges that designers must now overcome. The challenge of doubling performance every two years used to drive superscalar design with more functional units running concurrently or deeper pipeline racing for highest frequency at the cost of higher power...
Simple ring-oscillator circuit has been used to estimate the degradation in circuit performance due to negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) effect but it fails to isolate the degradation from the NBTI for PMOS and the positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) for NMOS in high-K dielectric/metal gate CMOS technology. In this paper, we propose new circuit structures which monitor the NBTI...
Plasma-exposed Si surface related to Si recess in source/drain region was investigated in detail for various superposed bias configurations with frequencies of 13.56 MHz and 400 kHz. Two different bias powers were utilized by an inductively coupled plasma reactor (ICP). The surface layer (SL) and the interfacial layer between the SL and Si substrate (IL) were analyzed by spectroscopic ellipsometry...
This paper describes a methodology for building a reliable internet core router that considers the vulnerability of its electronic components to single event upset (SEU). It begins with a set of meaningful system level metrics that can be related to product reliability requirements. A specification is then defined that can be effectively used during the system architecture, silicon and software design...
In deep submicron era, to prevent larger amount of SRAM from more frequently encountered overheating problems and react accordingly for each possible hotspots, multiple ideal run-time temperature sensors must be closely located and response rapidly to secure system reliability while maintaining core frequency. This paper presented a method to extract run-time temperature information from multiple...
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