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Due to the increasing penetration of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the power grid, traditional protection philosophies in distribution systems need to be updated. Distance protection offers an interesting choice in microgrid protection since it is independent of variations in source impedance. However, there are several constraints in applying conventional distance protection on the distribution...
Widespread use of digital distance relays has increased the application of distance protection to lower voltages, including subtransmission and distribution circuits. Many systems may be impedance grounded. In this paper, we look at some unique problems that may arise on single-source, distribution systems, such as might occur at the 26-kV voltage level. A source of concern for distance relays on...
Distance elements are widely used on transmission, subtransmission, and even distribution systems. Distance-based schemes are also a very economical and simple approach to protecting these lines. The ease of use of distance elements, especially in modern digital relays, has expanded the application to shorter and shorter lines. In the past it was unlikely that a distance-based scheme would be subject...
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