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Modulated pole (transverse flux) machines are known for their torque density and can take advantage of mutual flux paths to further increase the torque density of this class of machine. This paper presents a retrospective design investigation into a combined phase machine conducted in order to reduce the harmonic content of the back EMF and the cogging torque of the machine; two common problems with...
It is often noted in the literature that flux switching permanent magnet machines (FSPMs) exhibit “torque ripple”. We derive a detailed torque model of a 50 kW proof-of-concept FSPM and use this model to calculate reference trajectories for the current which lead to a ripple-free torque. Since these current trajectories contain higher frequencies we were concerned that structure-borne vibrations might...
In this paper a new analytic method for the determination of possibly arising cogging torque harmonics of brushless permanent magnet machines is presented.
A flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machine with an outer-rotor configuration is proposed for traction applications. The effects of the pole and slot numbers on back-EMF and cogging torque are studied, and sizing equations are derived to determine the machine dimensions. Finite element analysis (FEA) models are developed to optimize the machine performance including flux-weakening capability,...
This paper presents a novel structure of double salient interior permanent magnet machine (DSIPM machine) based on mutually coupled switched reluctance machine (MCSRM). Due to its salient rotor structure, the DSIPM machine can have less magnetic and iron materials as well as higher dynamic response than conventional IPM machines. The comparison of electromagnetic performances in terms of self and...
The permanent magnet synchronous machine with an external rotor is the most important device for high performance electrical drive systems in particular for hybrid electric vehicles. The paper presents finite element analyses of a such a machine in terms of a comparison of both Y- and Δ-connected stator windings. The influence on the most important design parameters such as electromagnetic torque...
The calculation of cogging torque for the SIPM machine is carried out based on the finite element analysis. It is shown that the cogging torque calculated by using virtual work method is close to each other under different meshes and contour models. However the calculation of the Maxwell stress tensor method is more sensitive to the mesh and contour model. So it is extremely important for the Maxwell...
First of all, a novel axial sectional claw pole machine with PM outer rotor (ASCPM) which is suitable for pump and fan is introduced briefly, and then the structure of ASCPM is presented, too. Secondly, under the conditions of loaded and unloaded respectively, analysis of magnetic filed is made to the motor. With the method of three-dimensional finite element analysis, waveforms of torque and back-EMF...
The three-phase flux reversal machine (FRM) is a double-salient stator-permanent magnet machine with flux Linkage reversal in the stator three-phase concentrated windings. However, there is notable PM flux leakage caused by its structure in flux reversal machine. This flux leakage deteriorates the performance of the FRM. In order to reduce the flux leakage, the researchers propose different improved...
Cogging torque in permanent magnet machines causes torque and speed ripples, as well as acoustic noise and vibration. It is important to be able to accurately measure the cogging torque. This paper describes a simple test method for measuring the cogging torque waveform, together with finite element analyses. It is based on measuring the reaction torque on the stator and is suitable for both single-phase...
In direct-drive electric propulsion systems, where there is no reduction gear to minimize and absorb the adverse effects due to cogging torque generated by the permanent magnet (PM) machine, minimization of cogging torque generation is of particular importance. In this paper, a novel axial magnet pole pairing method is proposed to minimize cogging torque generation in a special three-phase outer-rotor...
Cogging torque is produced in a permanent magnet machine by magnetic attraction between the rotor permanent magnets and the stator teeth. It is an undesirable effect that contributes to torque ripple, vibration and noise of the machine. In this paper, the resultant cogging torque values are computed using a three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis. For this, the rotor movement is modeled by...
Several cogging torque minimization techniques exist for permanent magnet (PM) machines, and these are well documented in earlier studies. However, the majority are used to reduce the cogging torque in radial flux PM (RFPM) machines. In this paper, cogging torque minimization techniques for axial-flux PM (AFPM) disk machines are briefly reviewed, and one of the foremost cogging torque minimization...
A low-speed double disks type permanent magnet synchronous machine is proposed. The electrical machinepsilas stator slot number is close to the rotor permanent magnet pole number and the statorpsilas tooth width is close to a pole distance. The coils that belong to each phase are concentrated and wound on consecutive teeth, so that the end winding is minimal and the phase windings do not overlap....
A new type of three-phase permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) with modular stator structure is proposed. Its structure and principle is introduced. The machinepsilas teeth width is equal to polar pitch, its stator winding is concentrated winding, each phase winding is wound up continuously and the ends of windings are shorter then conventional machines. Therefore, the machinepsilas efficiency...
The flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machine exhibits competitive torque capability and power density due to the high flux density. As a penalty, the cogging torque is relative large, resulting in unfavorable torque pulsation. Due to the simple and robust rotor construction, additional dummy slots are adopted to reduce the cogging torque without skewing magnets or teeth. The optimal dimensions...
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