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Supply chain hybrid competition happens among two manufacturers and one traditional retailer in e-commerce age. Being a channel leader the first manufacturer's role becomes a little sophisticated. That is, being the traditional retailer's supplier and competing with the second weaker manufacturer on the internet at the same time. Besides, as an online competitor the second manufacturer's channel status...
There are relationships between firm's operational activities and financing decisions. Goods is a base for operation management, while trade credit plays an important role in firm's financing decision. This paper integrates these two important concepts through inventory decision. By introducing the factors, such as financial distress cost and bargaining power, this paper discusses how firm make his...
A stackelberg inventory model taking vendor-buyer interaction in lead time into account is developed in this paper. In this supply chain both parties involved in the lead time decision-making; and the assumption of the lot-for-lot policy of the vendor is relaxed, from this way, the model is more practical. An iterative algorithm is developed for searching the integral nonlinear programming, and numerical...
This paper considers the optimal production decision considering Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the supply chain. CSR is currently the most important measure to sustain continuous developments of companies by performing environment-friendliness and suitable social activity, and it is also essential for avoiding the latent risk. In this paper, we consider the evaluation of environmental conservation...
This paper set up a 3PL Company's financing pricing model for the exponentially deteriorating products. Based on the supplier's permission of delayed payment and the 3PL Company's provision of inventory impawn financing service, it studied retailer's decision-making of its optimal order quantity and 3PL Company's optimal decision-making problem of providing the finance service. At last, a numerical...
This paper examines the impacts of demand price sensitivity and retailer's risk aversion on characteristics of the buy back contract. The market demand is stochastic and price dependent. We adopt additive demand model. The supplier is risk neutral while the retailer is risk averse. We formulate the retailer's decision model in the form of mean-variance. The decision models of the supply chain members...
From the viewpoint of a distributed service process, an ion-channel based method was proposed to analyze the reliability of supply chains. An analytic method was presented to determine the reliability of supply chains for logistics systems. New models were built to consider the following situations: when the nodes failed, different defect states had different measures and effects on the system. A...
This paper studies a mixed channel system including a traditional retail channel with added service and an Internet channel. After analyzing decentralized and centralized supply chain, we conclude that the decentralized supply chain ought to be coordinated. Then a revenue and cost sharing contract is devised to optimize the profit of supply chain and reasonable range of sharing coefficient is found...
In this paper, we present a simulation model for the multi-echelon inventory optimization problems using Arena. In the multi-echelon inventory there are five members: a manufacturer, a distribution center and three retailers. Our analysis concentrates on the relationship between the fill-rates of retailers and the average inventory level of the entire supply chain. We assume that customer's demand...
In a two-stage supply chain composed of one supplier and one retailer, the supply chain coordination mechanism under fuzzy demand environment is studied in this paper under the assumption that the market demands are regarded as fuzzy variable. The models of centralized decision-making and return contract are built based on credibility distribution, and their optimal policies are also proposed. Finally,...
Relationship commitment has increasingly received attention from scholars and practitioners in recent years. However, the knowledge of what influences relationship commitment is still very limited. The formation mechanism of business-to-business relationship commitment in supply chain is examined in this paper. Based on the investigation among Chinese enterprises, Firstly, the results show the factors...
Credit term is taken as an instrument participating coordination surplus generated by credit extending by the supplier. We model trade credit determination as a Nash bargaining problem between supplier and retailer. Sensitivity analysis of a numerical example shows relativity of supplier's financing cost to the retailer's is the key determinate of credit term offered by the supplier. This result directly...
An optimizing model for studying production- inventory policy with service level constraints is proposed. To realize the integrative decision of service level and production point, the service level in a supply chain is defined as the probability of satisfying product demand in each planning period. Inventory variation under stochastic demand is analyzed, and the average inventory in each planning...
This paper studies the revenue-sharing contract coordination of supply chain. Under the price sensitivity of market demand, the model of revenue-sharing contract with multi-retailer is established. We present an approach which constraints the parameters of revenue-sharing contract. The optimal profits of the supply chain are obtained with this approach. A numerical example is given to show the effectiveness...
Pricing strategy is an interesting and relevant topic in a supply chain, especially for retailers. Many business models on pricing have been developed in recent years. One of the pricing strategies is for the retailers to markdown product price in order to induce larger replenishment from the buyers. The effect of markdown product price is even more obvious for deteriorating items with price-dependent...
It is only an order quantity which is decided for a spot selling time in the previous supply chain contract with options. However, the effect of the lead-time on the supply chain is indispensable. This paper considers the options contract with the time-based parameters on the background of food supply chain in which the model analyze that the contract parameters and accuracy of forecasting demand...
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