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The development of the suspensor in Sedum acre L. and S. hispanicum L. was investigated using cytochemical methods and light microscopy. After the first division of the zygote, two cells of unequal size are formed: the large basal cell and the smaller apical one. The basal cell grows enormously and produces haustorial branches invading ovular tissues. The mature differentiated suspensor consists of...
This short review emphasizes the importance of secreted molecules (peptides, proteins, arabinogalactan proteins, PR proteins, oligosaccharides) produced by cells and multicellular structures in culture media. Several of these molecules have also been identified in planta within the micro-environment in which the embryo and endosperm develop. Questions are raised about the parallel between in vitro...
After a prolonged period of uncertainty about the precise role of maternal genes in initiating embryogenesis in flowering plants, considerable evidence for the involvement of maternal genes in embryo and endosperm development in Arabidopsis thaliana has accumulated in recent years. Much attention has centered on a group of mutants known as fis, which display an ability to initiate partial embryogenesis...
This work is the first characterization at cellular and subcellular level of the main cellular events occurring in the first stages of microspore embryogenesis. Microspore embryogenesis was induced in two varieties of Citrus Clementina (Nules and Monreal). The results showed that one of the most responsive stages for embryogenesis was the vacuolate microspore. Microscopic analysis revealed specific...
Different explants from diploid and tetraploid plants of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Wilna were cultured in vitro on the same medium in the same conditions. The mode and capacity for regeneration and the ploidy level of regenerants were examined in eight callus lines. The explant responses to in vitro conditions depended on the ploidy level of donor plants and on the type of explant. Callus derived...
The paper reports a comparative study of storage protein synthesis and enzyme activity during zygotic and somatic embryogenesis of silver fir. The SDS-PAGE profiles of storage proteins in zygotic and somatic embryos were similar but not identical. Six storage protein fractions were detected in zygotic embryos, as compared with eleven fractions in somatic embryos. The principal storage protein of zygotic...
Embryogenesis is a critical stage of the sporophytic life cycle, during which the basic body plan of the plant is established. Although zygotic embryogenesis is induced by fusion of the sperm and egg nuclei, plant cells can initiate embryo development without fertilization. For example, cultured somatic and male gametic cells can be induced to undergo somatic and microspore embryogenesis, respectively...
The study found that the monocot Agapanthus praecox from different cultivation localities has a stable tendency to develop dicotyledonous together with monocotyledonous and transitional forms, with various degrees of cotyledonary fusion. The morphogenetic events during embryogenesis leading to this diversity are presented and analyzed.
Conserved 14-3-3 proteins have been shown to play regulatory roles in eukaryotic cells, including cell cycle control and differentiation. We were interested in the possible involvement of 14-3-3 proteins in the embryogenic process of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Barley microspore-derived embryo development was used as a model system. Immunolocalization of three barley 14-3-3 isoforms, 14-3-3A, 14-3-3B...
Cuticle visualized by auramine O fluorescence on developing Arabidopsis thaliana embryos was investigated. Localization of the cuticle was studied on embryos of the zygotic wild Ler ecotype and nine lines of embryonic mutant: CS 2330, CS 3009, CS 3016, CS 3023, CS3025, CS 6330, CS 6340, CS 6343 and CS 6346. In Arabidopsis Ler ecotype embryogenesis, a fluorescing cuticle layer appears on the globular...
Winterhardiness is a composite of tolerances to freezing, desiccation, ice-encasement, flooding and diseases. From one point of view, winterhardiness may not be easily manipulated by genetic engineering technology because many different genes are involved in the tolerance of these diverse stresses. However, these various stresses have similarities. They promote formation of activated forms of oxygen,...
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