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Sea foam increases surface emission and brightness temperature at microwave frequencies. Together with the surface roughness, it is a key component of the signal used to obtain surface wind vector with satellite-borne radiometric and polarimetric instruments. Current knowledge of foam emissivity, however, is incomplete, particularly in regard to azimuthal effects. Since breaking waves on the open...
The WindSat microwave polarimetric radiometer consists of 22 channels of polarized brightness temperatures operating at five frequencies: 6.8, 10.7, 18.7, 23.8 and 37.0 GHz. The 10.7, 18.7 and 37.0 GHz channels are fully polarimetric (V, H, plusmn45deg & LHCP/RHCP) to measure the four Stokes radiometric parameters. The principal objective of this Naval Research Laboratory experiment, which flys...
Since the January 6, 2003 launch of the Naval Research Laboratory satellite Coriolis, the WindSat instrument onboard has provided over a year of unprecedented polarimetric microwave measurements of the globe. The WindSat radiometer has five operating frequencies at 6.8, 10.7, 18.7, 23.8 and 37 GHz, with the 10.7, 18.7, and 37 GHz channels providing fully polarimetric signals. The primary mission of...
Summary form only given. For more than ten years, seven SSM/Is have successfully provided reliable passive microwave data for retrieving environmental parameters such as wind speed, sea ice concentration and age, and integrated atmospheric water vapor. One parameter not provided by microwave radiometers is the ocean surface wind direction. The wind vector affects a broad range of naval missions, including...
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