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This tutorial summarizes recent advances in the convex relaxation of the optimal power flow (OPF) problem, focusing on structural properties rather than algorithms. Part I presents two power flow models, formulates OPF and their relaxations in each model, and proves equivalence relationships among them. Part II presents sufficient conditions under which the convex relaxations are exact.
The paper contains a new concept and some research results as regards creating initial population for systematical evolutionary algorithms (SEA). First, different models of development of electrical power system (EPS) obtained a result of identification such as matrix th and model in state space ss, and model in the form artificial genetic code such as a specific information development model of EPS...
The load flow has a stochastic character due to the high penetration of renewable generation, especially wind power. Nowadays about 50 GW of wind power is installed in the UCTE power system. This causes difficulties especially in the optimal operation of the system and can lead to black outs due to problems with energy flow which is often not produced according to demand. An example occurred on November...
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