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Most network operators have considered reducing Label Switched Routers (LSR) label spaces (i.e. the number of labels that can be used) as a means of simplifying management of underlaying Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) and, hence, reducing operational expenditure (OPEX). This letter discusses the problem of reducing the label spaces in Multiprotocol Label Switched (MPLS) networks using label merging...
The design of embedded control systems should be addressed in both the controller definition and its implementation. While the design of the controller is based on control theory, the implementation is designed by assuming the principle that control loops can be modeled and implemented as periodic activities. Periodic activities that can be organise attending to different implementation criteria....
In networked control systems (NCS) environments is usual to find restrictions with data-acquisition frequency. If the control action updating can be faster than the output measurement, the use of a dual rate controller is a natural solution. Due to PIDs are useful controllers in industrial applications, in this paper a dual rate PID controller is designed splitting a conventional PID into two parts...
It is generally recognized that asynchronous operation of logic networks offers specific advantages over synchronous operation controlled by a central clock when the network is subject to large or widely varying inter-module propagation delays. In this paper we characterize several previously described techniques for achieving asynchronous operation by a single model. Essential to the model is the...
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