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Media-Independent Pre-Authentication (MPA) is used as a secure handover optimization scheme working over any link layer. With MPA, a mobile node (the MN) can establish a security association with a candidate target network (CTN), obtain an IP address and other parameters from the CTN, and complete the binding update of any mobility management protocol with the new care-of address (nCoA) before performing...
With the development of mobile technologies several mobile multicast methods were proposed, but most of them are based on the host-based mobility support specifications such as Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) which require the mobile hosts to support the mobility function. Recently, the Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) was proposed to provide the mobility support for mobile node without mobility function, and the previous...
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