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The coordination of closed-loop supply chain with risk preference in stochastic demand is studied. Both the market demand is price sensitive and the stochastic demand which possibly exists in reality are considered, and the profit function is no longer being taken as a decision-making but the utility function with the risk preferences of manufacturers and retailers is used in calculating. The retailer...
The option contract is one of the effective financial instruments for avoiding risk. There always exists the risk in supply chain especially when facing uncertain or random demand. By introducing the real option into a two-stage supply chain, the part of the buyer risk due to demand uncertainty can be shifted to the supplier, and the supplier, in turn, is recovered by the additional revenue obtained...
This paper introduced reference effect into supply chain composed with manufacturers and retailers, and built the game-theoretical model to decide the optimal discount price and order quantity. Considering the situation where the market demand is affected by spot price and reference price, we adopted dynamic programming and classical variation method to analyze the dynamic game equilibrium between...
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