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Several geographic routing protocols using location information have already been proposed for ad hoc networks in order to improve performance of ad hoc routing protocols. Here we can mention the case of greedy perimeter stateless routing (GPSR) protocol. GPSR makes greedy forwarding decisions using merely information about a router's immediate neighbors in the network topology. In case a packet reaches...
There have been many heuristic algorithms finding multicast trees proposed in the literature. The necessity for finding a better and more suitable algorithm is still topical and relevant. The paper presents a new multicast routing algorithm for finding a multicast tree in packet-switched networks. The objective of the proposed KSPMA algorithm is to minimize cost of constrained paths between the source...
Most network operators have considered reducing Label Switched Routers (LSR) label spaces (i.e. the number of labels that can be used) as a means of simplifying management of underlaying Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) and, hence, reducing operational expenditure (OPEX). This letter discusses the problem of reducing the label spaces in Multiprotocol Label Switched (MPLS) networks using label merging...
A principal factor in sensor network design is energy efficiency. In this work, we propose to extend the lifetime of sensor networks using appropriate choice of sensor node distribution. The key idea of our scheme is to deploy more nodes in areas of extensive energy usage. Using this scheme of sensor node distribution, we use probabilistic angular routing to route data packets from the sensor nodes...
This paper describes a new path computation model in Multi-protocol Label Switching (MPLS) and Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) networks. It introduces a path computation element (PCE), which is functionally separate from label switching routers (LSRs). The Path Computation Element (PCE) is an entity that is capable of computing a network path or route based on a network graph, and applying computational...
Sink mobility has become an increasingly important requirement of various sensor network applications. Handling such mobile sink conditions brings new challenges to large-scale sensor networking. This investigation proposed a hybrid-structure routing protocol (HSRP) that combines the benefits of grid-based and cluster-based structures. Grid-based structure is designed to solve the cluster head selection...
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