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Low duty cycle operation is a well-known mechanism used for achieving energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Nodes under this concept work only for a small percentage of time and remain largely inactive to conserve energy. S-MAC, is a popular protocol designed specifically for WSNs with low duty cycle operation. At its inception, S-MAC has been designed for low traffic loads. In this...
Energy efficiency is one of the most concerned issues in wireless sensor networks, and periodic listen/sleep mechanism is widely used to reduce energy consumption. But fixed listen/sleep scheme also introduces additional latency in packet delivery and waste of energy for unnecessary idle listening. In this paper, we propose a low latency and energy efficient MAC protocol with an adaptive listen/sleep...
Medium Access Control (MAC) is an important technique that ensures the successful operation of WSN because it controls the radio's activity of sensor nodes, which consumes node's major energy. MAC protocols must be energy efficient in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we study MAC protocols for WSNs, including schedule-based protocols such as TDMA and contention-based protocols such as S-MAC...
In this paper, we proposed an adaptive low latency MAC protocol for sensor networks based on cross-layer architecture, named LLS-MAC (Low Latency Sensor MAC). The new protocol is inspired by S-MAC. The advancement of LLS-MAC in packet end-to-end delay is mainly due to the continual data transmission scheme presented in this paper. For achieving this scheme, a cross-layer design approach is adopted...
In this paper, we propose an improved adaptive MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks based on cross-layer architecture. The new protocol is inspired by SMAC, probably the most well-known sensor MAC scheme for energy efficiency. In the proposed new protocol, two major changes are made in original SMAC protocol, one is continual data transmission, and the other is graded contention window. The new...
An energy-balancing, cross-layer data gathering protocol (EB-CLDG) for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is presented in this paper. EB-CLDG is proposed for monitoring and periodic reporting applications and the network is organized into concentric tiers around the sink. An energy-balancing clustering algorithm is employed to mitigate the ldquohot spotrdquo problem. Thus the number of clusters closer...
Due to the special characteristics of wireless sensor networks, traditional MAC approaches are not suitable for them. So designing MAC protocol for WSNs in a specific manner is critical to meet their intrinsic constraints. In this paper, we proposed an energy efficient MAC protocol which reduce energy consumption due to idle listening and control packet overhead. It is called W-MAC. W-MAC protocol...
The MAC protocol is one of the most concerned issued for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UWASNs). Distinguishing with the radio frequency (RF) communication for the terrestrial wireless sensor networks, the peculiarity of acoustic communication in underwater environment causes many issues of energy consumption, propagation delay, time synchronization and other factors when designing the sensor...
A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a collection of wireless mobile hosts forming nodes that are arbitrarily and randomly changing their locations and communicating without the aid of any centralized administration or standard support services. Nodes are classified as sensor nodes and routers. Some nodes act both as sensors and routers. While traditional MAC protocols must balance between throughput,...
There has been an intensive research on a good MAC protocol design for wireless sensor networks with stationary nodes in which they all aim at making some wise trade offs between the network performance parameters and energy efficiency as the main design principle in WSN. But almost none of these MAC protocols, except a few, have addressed mobility in their structure which poses many new challenges...
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