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The Trustful Space-Time Protocol (TSTP) is an application-oriented protocol designed to resource-efficiently deliver authenticated, encrypted, timed, georeferenced, SIcompliant data communication support to IoT devices interacting with an IoT gateway, effectively defining a new API and paradigm for programming WSNs and the IoT. In this work, we describe TSTP's MAC in detail and show how it is a fundamental...
A Cross-layer Data Gathering(CDG) protocol for wireless sensor networks is presented in this paper, the protocol includes a clock synchronization algorithm that balanced precision and energy consumption, and a cross-layer data gathering algorithm that fuses Media Access Control(MAC) and routing strategy. Simulation results show that CDG effectively prolongs the network lifetime and reduces the communication...
The massive escalation in the number of applications and the technology used in the development of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) over the last decade has compelled the designers to adopt a holistic approach while designing WSN applications. This implies that a designer should develop a protocol stack which would be flexible enough to be used by a group of applications if not all on account of differing...
Low duty cycle operation is a well-known mechanism used for achieving energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Nodes under this concept work only for a small percentage of time and remain largely inactive to conserve energy. S-MAC, is a popular protocol designed specifically for WSNs with low duty cycle operation. At its inception, S-MAC has been designed for low traffic loads. In this...
Many wireless sensor network applications could be substantially improved if they enhance the description of the events transmitting scalar sensor data along with audio and video. For example, an intrusion detection system would reduce the number of false positives if, in addition to the alarm, the system would also transmitted a picture or video of the intruder. The problem is how to overcome the...
Medical body area networks will employ both implantable and bodyworn devices to support a diverse range of applications with throughputs ranging from several bits per hour up to 10 Mbps. The challenge is to accommodate this range of applications within a single wireless network based on a suitably flexible and power efficient medium access control protocol. To this end, we present a Medical Medium...
Due to the special characteristics of wireless sensor networks, traditional MAC approaches are not suitable for them. So designing MAC protocol for WSNs in a specific manner is critical to meet their intrinsic constraints. In this paper, we proposed an energy efficient MAC protocol which reduce energy consumption due to idle listening and control packet overhead. It is called W-MAC. W-MAC protocol...
The following topics were dealt with: ad hoc networks; wireless sensor networks; antennas; channel modeling; MIMO communication; radio propagation; microwave photonics; mobile satellite; channel estimation; cooperative relay networks; OFDM; precoding; scheduling; spatial multiplexing; STBC: signal processing for location; coding; equalization; interference cancellation; synchronization; UWB; vehicular...
The MAC protocol is one of the most concerned issued for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UWASNs). Distinguishing with the radio frequency (RF) communication for the terrestrial wireless sensor networks, the peculiarity of acoustic communication in underwater environment causes many issues of energy consumption, propagation delay, time synchronization and other factors when designing the sensor...
A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a collection of wireless mobile hosts forming nodes that are arbitrarily and randomly changing their locations and communicating without the aid of any centralized administration or standard support services. Nodes are classified as sensor nodes and routers. Some nodes act both as sensors and routers. While traditional MAC protocols must balance between throughput,...
There has been an intensive research on a good MAC protocol design for wireless sensor networks with stationary nodes in which they all aim at making some wise trade offs between the network performance parameters and energy efficiency as the main design principle in WSN. But almost none of these MAC protocols, except a few, have addressed mobility in their structure which poses many new challenges...
In the wireless sensor networks (WSNs), Synchronous approaches share the schedule information that specifies the cycle of active and sleep period by the control packets. On the other hand, asynchronous approaches do not exchange the synchronization information to send or receive data. Instead, they employ preamble sampling to do that. In this paper, we compare and analyze synchronous and asynchronous...
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