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The capabilities of a sensing system and its implementation are among the critical factors to determine the overall performance and the subsequent public acceptance of automated/autonomous vehicles. However, the uncertainty for system to work and maintain safety under undesirable conditions, such as inclement weather or low illumination, is still an obstacle to commonly accepted and legitimate applications...
Multiple routing metrics have been proposed for maximizing throughput or guaranteeing reliable delivery of the data. Some of the most common used metrics, neglect the bursty behavior of the channel. A new metric improve this by taking burstiness into account. This creates a burst estimation of all links and allocates the maximum number of required slots in worst-case. Even though this is a solution...
In order to improve the reliability of the status perception, this paper defines a metric QoSTD to measure the quality of the subjectively labelled training data used with K-means clustering. On the basis of QoSTD, we propose a method that utilizes a support vector support (SVM) model to predict the specified states of an individual's status. We also present a way to determine a threshold for QoSTD...
Data collection is a fundamental task of wireless sensor networks to support a variety of applications, such as remote monitoring, and emergency response, where collected information is relayed to an infrastructure network via packet gateways for processing and decision making. In large-scale monitoring scenarios, data packets need to be relayed over multihop paths to the gateways, and sensors are...
Phase change memory (PCM) has emerged as a promising non-volatile memory technology. Multi-level cell (MLC) PCM, while effectively reducing per bit fabrication cost, suffers from resistance drift based soft errors. It is challenging to construct reliable MLC chips that achieve high performance, high storage density, and low energy consumption simultaneously. In this paper, we propose ReadDuo, a fast...
Fast and precise spectrum opportunity (SOP) exploration is a fundamental and vital procedure for dynamic spectrum management. In this paper, the temporal rather than geographical feature of spectrum database is investigated. The spectrum prediction is formulated and taken as a function of spectrum database. Furthermore, spectrum sensing is also a choice for SOP exploration to cope with the inefficiency...
Participatory sensing applications have an on-going requirement to turn raw data into useful knowledge, and to achieve this, many rely on prompt human generated meta-data to support and/or validate the primary data payload. These human contributions are inherently error prone and subject to bias and inaccuracies, so multiple overlapping labels are needed to cross-validate one another. While probabilistic...
We consider a random access primary network. At the beginning of each time slot, a number of secondary users sense the channel and make an access decision based on the spectrum sensing outcome and the channel state information (CSI). Specifically, the channel is accessed by a secondary transmitter with a probability that depends on both the sensing metric and the gain or signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR)...
This paper present a practical depth-map refinement system designed for highly corrupted multiple depth maps. We define a pixel-wise confidence measurement of depth value and apply the three-steps depth-map refinement scheme (i.e.confidence-based depth-map fusion, confidence-weighted bundle optimization and super-pixel-based planar propagation) to maximize the whole reliability of depth maps. Our...
This paper investigates the impact of misbehaviors, due to either device malfunctioning or malicious attacks, in cooperative spectrum sensing (SS) for cognitive radio networks. Our work emphasizes on two typical misbehaviors: Always Free (AF) and Always Busy (AB) attacks. We first derive the false alarm and miss detection probabilities of cooperative SS under each misbehavior scenario, based on which...
In order to increase spectrum utilization efficiency, CRs (Cognitive Radios) have been introduced to reuse white spaces left unused by legacy services under the strict constraint of not interfering them. In this context, this paper proposes to exploit a statistical characterisation of Primary User (PU) activity to be retained in Radio Environment Maps (REMs) for spectrum selection purposes. The objective...
A hybrid sensor system is developed for trace explosives detection. The system incorporates orthogonal operational principles of its subcomponents: Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) provides high sensitivity as well as high selectivity, i.e., ultra-low detection limits simultaneously with very low false alarm rates while an ionization-based method, such as Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS),...
In this paper, we analyze performance of cooperative spectrum sensing under counting rules when exponential model involving the spectrum usage (SU) is utilized to characterize the burst nature of primary user (PU) link. Considering both the reliability and the efficiency performance of sensing, we use the average error probability (AEP) in final decision making as metric. We derive a closed-form expression...
Technological advancements in embedded systems due to Moore's law have lead to the proliferation of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in different application domains (e.g. defense, health care, surveillance systems) with different application requirements (e.g. lifetime, reliability). Many commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) sensor nodes can be specialized to meet these requirements using tunable parameters...
Lifetime-maximization is the critical concern for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). We notice that two common issues in existing routing schemes for WSNs are that (1) a path may traverse through a fixed set of sensors, draining out their energy quickly, and (2) packet retransmissions over an unreliable link of any fixed-path may consume energy significantly. In this paper, we exploit two natural advantages...
To need the requirement of measuring the grain quantity in the barn, the pressure sensors are mounted on the ground and the wall of the barn, and the grain quantity can be calculated by using these measurement values. To realize the data transmitting reliability and real time, the design proposal of the measurement node of the CAN-bus by using the chips of AT89C51 and the SJA1000 is put forward, and...
Cognitive radio technique is proposed as a means of improving the efficiency of current spectrum allocation policy by allowing the unlicensed secondary users (SU) to access the unused spectrum resources (white band) of the licensed primary users (PU). This technique largely relies on the secondary users' capability to detect the unused spectrum band, thus avoiding interference to the primary users...
Growing service quality expectations make Distribution Automation (DA) processes increasingly imperative for the power utilities and trigger the next major step in the evolution of distribution systems. A successful distribution system management activity such as DA hinges on the information collected from the network itself using an integrated monitoring system. It enables real-time monitoring of...
The rotating machinery for engineering process and materials science has become faster and lightweight recently. The machinery has been required to run for longer periods of time and reliable operations. Because machine breakdowns and consequent down times severely affect the productivity of factories or the safety of products and process success depends on the reliability and the efficiency of related...
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