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The Precision Time Protocol (PTP) distributes a time reference across a network. It specifically addresses demanding environments, where it can reach sub microsecond precision using appropriate technologies. Its scalability is primarily limited by packet delay variations induced by packet collisions. While it is possible to avoid collisions with non-PTP packets using traffic management technologies,...
Wide-area monitoring (WAM) applications for power distribution rely on accurate global time synchronization. Furthermore, there is interest in replacing current time synchronization methods such as Inter Range Instrumentation Group (IRIG), with distributed time synchronization protocols that utilize the data communication lines eliminating the need for dedicated timing signals within the substation...
Assuring very accurate time synchronization across wide area industrial networks is still an open issue, which even the second version of the Precision Time Protocol (PTPv2) has not been able to solve completely. This is due to the accumulation of many uncertainty contributions when PTP event messages are routed from the master clock to the slave one through multiple network nodes. Peer-to-peer transparent...
This paper analyzes the effects on synchronization performances of the accuracy of skew and offset estimates, the short and long-term stability of the unregulated clock, the rate at which timing information is exchanged within the network. The work makes use of a simulated clock based on the state-variable model, for which realistic parameters are obtained from experimental measurements of Allan variance...
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