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A modified genetic particle swarm optimization method (MGPSO) is employed to solve the capacitated vehicle routing problems (CVRP). MGPSO was derived from the standard particle swarm optimization (PSO) and incorporated with the genetic reproduction mechanisms, namely crossover and mutation. MGPSO employs an integer encoding and decoding representation, which is suitable for combinatorial optimization...
The genetic particle swarm optimization (GPSO) was derived from the original particle swarm optimization (OPSO), which was incorporated with the genetic reproduction mechanisms, namely crossover and mutation. To combine the characteristics of GPSO and OPSO to solve constrained optimization problems, the paper presents a dual particle swarm optimizations (dual-PSO), where OPSO and GPSO were incorporated,...
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