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A model of a hybrid wind wave energy converter (HWWEC) system is proposed in this paper. The HWWEC includes two wave buoys and a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) system, which co-works to drive a generator. Wave buoys are arranged in an arc pattern to capture efficiently wave energy from many directions. The hydrodynamic forces are calculated by the Wave Analysis at Massachusetts Institute of Technology...
The stochastic nature of the wind causes various mechanical and electrical faults. It results the fluctuations in the output power. The high turbulence causes the dynamic loading of the drive train. To investigate the performance of the wind energy system its steady state and transient stability must be studied. This paper discuses the mathematical modeling of the wind energy system. With increase...
This paper presents a study of the wind turbine in normal and faulty situation. In the latter, suitable residual generation is performed to detect and isolate three sensor faults in the wind turbine system. The study was conducted on FAST coded simulator, designed by the US National Renewable Energy Laboratory's National Wind Turbine Center. The obtained results provide a good fault detection and...
This research is devoted in the implementation of control system for a nonlinear Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) with Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators (PMSG). In which a finite-horizon nonlinear control technique based on State Dependent Riccati Equation (SDRE) for the design of a closed-loop, optimal controller is used. The idea of the proposed technique is the change of variables that...
Small scale wind mill as wind energy converter system (WECS) with permanent magnet generator has great opportunity to develop for the islands of eastern area of Indonesia. Application of this appropriate technology will increase electrification ratio. Experiment and simulation studies of electric machines used for electric generating from small multi blades windmill were carried out. Diameter of the...
This paper is focused on simple demonstration of yet untapped possibility to generate electricity from vehicle induced wind gust (VIWG). As such enormous energy resource continues to waste daily along millions of world's vehicle paths, this paper through simple demonstrative design, seeks to redirect researchers and engineers towards a new thinking in the area of VIWG resource. Here, a self-sustaining...
This paper presents a versatile test bench for the investigation of the power electronics converter and its control for different wind energy conversion concepts. A three-level back-to-back converter connects a drive train consisting of an induction machine and a synchronous machine to the grid. 4-quadrant operation is feasible on both sides controlling the converter either in 2- or 3-level mode....
In this paper, a method for online estimation of the tip speed ratio (TSR) of small wind turbines is presented, in order to evaluate the MPPT performance. Unlike obvious methods, for which an encoder or resolver is needed, the presented method only requires measurements of the wind speed and the generator current. Firstly, the accuracy of the presented method is evaluated by using a wind turbine emulator...
In several countries, the wind power penetration increased tremendously in the last years. As the current wind turbines do not participate in frequency control nor reserve provision, this may compromise the proper functioning of the primary control and the provision of power reserves. If no actions are taken, increasing levels of wind penetration may result in serious problems concerning the stable...
Wind is uncontrolled and non-deterministic and causes unexpected variations in wind power and power generation in wind energy conversion systems. The drive train subjected to a varying wind power develops transients at various levels owing to interaction among the mechanical and electrical variables with non-linear characteristics. A transient performance analysis has been carried out showing the...
In this paper, a control method for a Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) utilizing a Squirrel Cage Induction Generator (SCIG) is presented. Aims of the control are both maximum wind power harvesting and minimization of the SCIG power loss, thus achieving maximum power production on any wind speed. The SCIG is connected to the utility grid through two back-to-back converters. The first converter...
Three equivalent drive train models of a wind turbine generator (WTG) are presented in this paper. The flexibility of the blades bending and the drive train are considered to analyze its transient stability under a three-phase fault. The simulations show that the fifth order lumped-mass model provides too optimistic estimation while the ninth order three-mass model can observe the motion of shaft...
Small wind turbines harvest wind energy to provide carbon free energy for residential and small commercial applications. Current technology consists of a diode-bridge rectifier and an off-the-shelf generator. Such a simplified system does not utilize the full capacity of the turbine because the generator drive system is not designed specifically for wind turbine applications. This paper presents the...
Wind turbulence causes abrupt variation in the power generation and delivery to the grid in the wind energy conversion systems. Most of the system parameters like tip-speed ratio, shaft dampness and dc-link voltage vary during the operation of the variable speed wind turbine drive system at different values of wind velocity. The wind speed turbulence excites the low frequency spectrum of the system...
This paper presents a Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) approach for a Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) to track the maximum power point. This WECS includes a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) fed by a matrix converter. Since the mechanical power generated by the wind turbine is a function of its shaft speed at a given wind velocity, the proposed controller provides the desired...
This paper addresses the problem of frequency stability in an autonomous wind-diesel power system with energy storage. At high wind penetration levels and due to the lack of controlled rotating machines, wind fluctuation might cause unacceptable frequency excursions in the system and they need to be mitigated. A virtual synchronous machine control is designed to emulate a virtual inertia via power...
This paper presents generators models for rural electrification systems, fed from renewable energy. A brief introduction on wind energy and biomass system is shown, followed by dynamic modeling of three phase induction generator, single phase induction generators and Permanent Magnet generator. The aim of this research is to propose optimal electrification system design for rural areas, which are...
This paper deals with the design of LQG controllers for pitch regulated, variable speed wind turbines where the controller is used primarily for controlling the pitch angle through a collective pitch angle in the high wind speed in order to guarantee the power regulation. A control structure based on a linear model approach is presented to take into account system non linearities and evolutions of...
This paper deals with the design of LQG controllers for pitch regulated, variable speed wind turbines where the controller is used primarily for controlling the pitch angle through a collective pitch angle in the high wind speed in order to guarantee the power regulation. The performance of the control is compared to that of a PID controller using the SUT-1MW wind turbine and wind model. The results...
This paper presents a sensorless control for a stall regulated variable speed wind turbine, where the speed reference is obtained from the estimated aerodynamic torque. The LQG/LTR methodology is applied to the design of an optimal discrete-time feedback controller for a Wind Energy Conversion System, aiming to maximize the efficiency on energy conversion and to minimize the detrimental dynamic loads...
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