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This paper describes the analytic model of a permanent magnetic synchronous machine (PMSM) of a flywheel in outer rotor design. The model is used for loss prediction within a parametric optimization algorithm. It accounts for iron and copper losses as function of electric power and rotational velocity. Magnetic state and currents are approximated by empirical assessments and an analytical model for...
In the quasi-3D FEM, the overall performance of axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) motor can be obtained by assembling 2-D FEM results of each cross section along a radial direction. A critical drawback of quasi-3D FEM is its inability to conduct finite element (FE) analysis when rotor back-iron and permanent magnet (PM) have different length along radial direction. In order words, because there is...
This paper presents the design of an inner rotor Permanent Magnet (PM) motor using a two-step approach. The first step consists of retrieving the basic geometric and electric constants using a combination of both an analytic and a multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (GA). This technique allows the most efficient and cheapest motor for a certain type of home appliances application to be found when harmonics...
This paper presents the dynamic d-q ‘loss model’ of PMSM wherein the core saturation has been taken into account. Modeling equations of conventional and ‘loss model’ have been presented. Field oriented control strategy with conventional zero d-axis current control has been used to control the PMSM so as to compare the conventional and ‘loss model’ of PMSM through detailed computer simulations. The...
This paper deals with the unbalanced forces due to the rotor eccentricity. It describes two analytical models suitable for surface permanent magnet machine and synchronous reluctance machine, suitable to predict the flux density with a non-uniform air gap. The radial force on the rotor of the two machines is estimated in case of different rotor eccentricities, at no load and under load conditions...
Compact, lightweight and large-scale generators are desired for offshore wind energy application. In order to meet the transportation and installation requirements, SC direct-drive wind generators are proposed as an attractive approach. The trend towards larger ratings and more offshore installations asks for new technical solutions. SC DC wind generators with alternative DC integration circuit to...
Nowadays there is a serious trend to design electrical machines for propulsion units as cheep as possible. Machines that lack the permanent magnets having performances close to those that embed permanents magnets represent now the main interest in this field. Such a machine is the variable reluctance synchronous machine. Being derived from the family of synchronous machines is field oriented controlled...
This paper deals with the analysis and design of a line-start synchronous machine. Such an investigation is carried out by means of an analytical model based on equivalent circuit parameters estimated by finite element (FE) analysis. Different approaches are considered for such a model, comparing their features. The main purpose is to obtain a rapid and precise procedure that allows to properly design...
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSMs) are complex systems where a great amount of physical phenomena are produced simultaneously. Most of the existing PMSMs models are based on empirical formulations and standard design rules which are not suitable for highperformance applications or optimized design processes. The aim of this paper is to present an improved PMSM model which offers a holistic,...
This paper presents an electromagnetic analytical model for a Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor (PMA-SRM). The proposed model is based on the Maxwell equations: Ampere's theorem and the flux conservation law. The stator and rotor magnetic saturation are considered, as well as the effect of the magnetic bridges of the flux barriers. The goal is to compute the motor performances...
Permanent magnet (PM) machines with concentrated windings are increasingly used in industry because of their cost-effectiveness and low production time. Eddy current losses in the rotor of these machines are significant due to a large content of space harmonics in air gap MMF. Analytical and finite element (FE) models have been formulated to predict such losses. This paper presents experimental validation...
The paper deals with the design of a synchronous reluctance motor suited for hybrid electric vehicles. At first, the focus is on rotor design. In particular an useful approach is proposed to choose the proper angles of the flux-barrier ends with the aim of reducing the torque ripple due to the slot harmonics. In the second part a comparison among different rotor arrangements (one, two and three flux-barriers...
Soft Magnetic Composites (SMC) allow the construction of electrical machines with three dimensional flux paths with maintainable effort, yielding high efficiency and outstanding power density. These are the typical requirements of automotive companies. The benefits of SMC-materials meet the demands of axial flux machines (AFM) very well, which offer a high power to weight ratio. This paper deals with...
Permanent Magnet (PM) machines with concentrated windings are cost effective, compact and highly efficient. The application of such machines in large Direct Drive (DD) wind turbines can be advantageous. However, these machines have the problem of eddy current losses in solid parts like magnets and rotor back-iron. Apart from cooling problems, these eddy current losses might lead to de-magnetization...
Energy storage technology is still a restriction to limit the commercialization of HEV since its high cost, short mileage and long charge time. Flywheel energy storage system(FESS) is a new way to storage energy in HEV, which can solve those problems mentioned above. Magnetic bearing is the key point of FESS. To research the characteristic of axial-active, radial-passive hybrid magnetic bearing, finite...
The paper compares five analytical models for predicting the cogging torque in surface-mounted permanent magnet machines, viz. lateral force (LF), complex permeance (CP), and combined CP models, together with subdomain (SD) models based on single slot/pole and exact SD model. The models are evaluated for the cogging torque waveforms and the prediction of optimal pole-arc to pole-pitch and slot-opening...
This paper investigates the iron loss and torque characteristics of inverter-fed spoke type interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) optimized for sinusoidal distributed back-EMF. First of all, an optimal design procedure is introduced to effectively optimize the rotor pole surface to reduce the distortion of back-EMF in the spoke type IPMSM. Then, the finite element method (FEM) results...
A ring-shaped transverse flux permanent magnet (TFPM) generator with double-sided axial flux configuration is proposed in this paper. The ring-shaped TFPM generator does not use a shaft and arms to transfer the torque and to support both the rotor and the stator. The active part of the proposed generator consists of multiple-segment structure. This new generator configuration can remarkably reduce...
Analytical models have been developed for analysing the radial vibration force in fractional-slot permanent magnet machines and validated extensively by finite element analyses. They are used to investigate the influence of (a) stator slotting, (b) tangential field component, (c) radius in the airgap for computation, and (d) load condition etc. on the radial vibration force calculation. The major...
The paper presents a comparison between analytical model, the finite elements method (FEM) simulations and measurements for a brushless DC motor used in a solar airplane project. In the preliminary conception phase, an optimization using an analytical model is performed. The motor efficiency and its weight are the key parameters. According to the obtained theoretical optimal configuration, a prototype...
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