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A digital microfluidic biochip (DMFB) is an attractive technology platform for automating laboratory procedures in biochemistry. However, today's DMFBs suffer from several limitations: (i) constraints on droplet size and the inability to vary droplet volume in a fine-grained manner; (ii) the lack of integrated sensors for real-time detection; (iii) the need for special fabrication processes and reliability/yield...
Vision Processors are integrated circuits with the aim to put together sensors and processing elements at the same chip. There are several constraints a designer may take into account when developing a vision processor: available technology, power consumption, thermal management, fault tolerance, speed, silicon area and application-specific needs. Most of these vision processors are based on analog...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have their profound applications almost in all possible fields to facilitate automation. All WSNs contain low powered nodes for sensing information about the environmental conditions and incessant reporting to the base station. Security is a very essential and critical criterion for communication. The nodes must be trust worthy and believable for routing sensed information...
The problem of choosing the route providing the best communication opportunities among the available routes is particularly challenging in self-organizing Cognitive Radio networks, since the communication opportunities are deeply affected by the primary-user (PU) activity. Furthermore, whenever the route selection exploits proactively acquired information on the PU activity, routing update packets...
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are widely used for environmental monitoring, healthcare, and surveillance. Their lifetime is strongly affected by energy consumption, which is partly attributed to retransmission. However, retransmission problems have not been well studied in the area of deployment optimization considering lifetime for WSN. In this paper, important models for lifetime, sensor failure,...
We consider wireless sensor networks (WSNs) deployed in the plane for area surveillance against intrusion attacks. Sensor nodes often employ low-cost sensing and wireless communication modules that are prone to random failure especially when operated in harsh environments. To quantify the network's ability to monitor the area, we formalize the breach path detection reliability (BPDREL) problem that...
Epidemic Routing offers a reliable approach to transmitting data in opportunistic networks, which has developed a few of variations so far. However, these algorithms have some redundant control overhead in sensing neighbor nodes and exchanging data packets. To address the issue, we propose a high-efficiency low-delay routing algorithm based on exchange of increments in packet indexes. Our algorithm...
Several routing protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETS), including the well known Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) and Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR), propose the use of periodic messages (Hello messages) to detect neighbor nodes. After receiving the first Hello message from one of its neighbors, a node starts the link sensing task by setting up a sensing timer. Each time...
In this paper we present a low cost fault-tolerant attitude determination system to a scientific satellite using COTS devices. We related our experience in developing the attitude determination system, where we combine proven fault tolerance techniques to protect the whole system composed only by COTS from the effects produced by transient faults. We detailed the failure cases and the detection, reconfiguration...
A principal factor in sensor network design is energy efficiency. In this work, we propose to extend the lifetime of sensor networks using appropriate choice of sensor node distribution. The key idea of our scheme is to deploy more nodes in areas of extensive energy usage. Using this scheme of sensor node distribution, we use probabilistic angular routing to route data packets from the sensor nodes...
This paper presents a distributed fermat-point range estimation strategy, which is important in the moving sensor localization applications. The fermat-point is defined as a point which minimizes the sum of distances from three sensors inside a triangle. This point is indeed at the trianglepsilas center of gravity. We solve the problems of large errors and poor performance in the bounding box algorithm...
Sink mobility has become an increasingly important requirement of various sensor network applications. Handling such mobile sink conditions brings new challenges to large-scale sensor networking. This investigation proposed a hybrid-structure routing protocol (HSRP) that combines the benefits of grid-based and cluster-based structures. Grid-based structure is designed to solve the cluster head selection...
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