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Time synchronization is one of the most fundamental services for wireless sensor networks. Prior studies have investigated the clock stability due to environmental dynamics. In this paper, we demonstrate by experiment that in spite of the surrounding environment, time synchronization is unavoidably impacted by in-network energy heterogeneity, which may incur up to 30-40 ppm clock uncertainty. We mathematically...
This paper describes an approach to master/slave network synchronization based on bidirectional message exchanges without the use of timestamps. Rather than the usual approach of exchanging digital timestamps through a dedicated synchronization protocol, an approach is described in which synchronization information is conveyed implicitly at the physical layer through the timing of the master node??s...
Wireless Highway Addressable Remote Transducer (HART) uses Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and channel hopping to communicate between devices. So it is important to keep high accurate time synchronization for a wireless network. This paper proposes a closed-loop adjusting strategy for time synchronization (CATS) which deals with the dramatic variation of oscillator drift rates. CATS is based...
Sensor nodes compensate clock drift with guard times (GT), which results in idle listening. By applying prediction methods nodes can limit drift uncertainty for upcoming frames and shorten GT. However, a common solution based on linear regression requires floating-point arithmetic, i.e. large computation and memory overhead. We present an approach for drift prediction based on moving average, which...
Time synchronization in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is essential to coordinate activities distributed among different nodes. In recent years many protocols have been proposed to achieve high-accuracy synchronization. However, up to now only few researchers focused their attention on the issue of trading the number of periodic synchronization events for target accuracy. In fact, the synchronization...
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