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The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61850 standard is widely used in substation automation system (SAS), even if some aspects related to the network-based time synchronization are still under investigation. The latest version of the IEC 61850 standard introduces IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP) for distributing time in the station and process buses, in addition to the previously...
One of the main problems in mixing old and new IEC 61850 devices in the same substation automation system is related to the network-based time synchronization. The IEC61850 defines two different protocols for distributing time in Station and Process Bus: SNTP and IEEE1588 PTP. The two protocols have almost different time representations and synchronization schemes. When an old IEC61850 device with...
A group of peers are required to cooperate with each other in distributed applications on P2P overlay networks. In order to realize a scalable P2P group, messages are causally ordered by taking advantage of linear time (LT) and physical time (PT) since message length is O(1) in this paper. In this paper, we newly discuss a multi-layered model to realize a scalable group. A group is hierarchically...
In peer-to-peer (P2P) applications, a scalable group of multiple peer processes (peers) are required to cooperate with each other. In this paper, we discuss a two-layered heterogeneous hybrid time (THHT) protocol which takes advantage of the linear time (LT) and physical time (PT) to causally order messages in a scalable heterogeneous group. In a heterogeneous type of group, the clock accuracy of...
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