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W artykule przedstawiono wykorzystanie metody kontroli konwergencji do weryfikacji obudowy tunelu drążonego w warunkach fliszu karpackiego. Bazuje ona na obliczeniach numerycznych MES lub MRS i stanowi rozwinięcie metod analitycznych i seminumerycznych, które wykorzystywano w początkach jej stosowania. Dzięki użyciu modeli MES lub MRS możliwe jest odwzorowanie tak skomplikowanego ośrodka, jakim jest...
The aim of this article is to present the new approach to a design of t-shaped beam elements, called a Rectangle Subsections Method (RSM). Its biggest advantage is that the internal forces from the components do not need to be added to obtain the total forces. In case of sagging, the results for RSM and Traditional Design Method (TM) appeared similar. At hogging, the RSM was more conservative - the...