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Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease currently affect tens of millions of people worldwide. Unfortunately, as the world's population ages, the incidence of many of these diseases will continue to rise and is expected to more than double by 2050. Despite significant research and a growing understanding of disease pathogenesis, only a...
It is well established that when most types of cells, including neurons, are exposed to a mild stress they increase their ability to resist more severe stress. This “preconditioning” phenomenon involves up-regulation of genes that encode cytoprotective proteins such as heat-shock proteins and growth factors. We found that a similar beneficial cellular stress response can be induced in neurons throughout...
Cells in the brain deploy multiple mechanisms to maintain the integrity of nerve cell circuits, and to facilitate responses to environmental demands and promote recovery of function after injury. The mechanisms include production of neurotrophic factors and cytokines, expression of various cell survival-promoting proteins (e.g. protein chaperones, antioxidant enzymes, Bcl-2 and inhibitor of apoptosis...
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