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The electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the primary sources of information for assessing cardiovascular function. Conventional ECG systems are not suitable for continuous, long-term monitoring. Contactless measurement of ECG using capacitive sensors is emerging as an attractive alternative. One of the disadvantages of a contactless system is that the signal quality is poor as far as the clinical acceptance...
Electric arcs in electrical DC systems represent both an enormous challenge to switchgear (switch arc) and a serious hazard to humans and the whole system (fault arc). Hitherto existing literature states an negative impact of a parallel capacitance on the arc existence. For low voltage DC systems the behavior of free burning arcs in air is analyzed. The formation of arc-oscillations due to a parallel...
Energy storage is a persistent problem. Electrical energy storage is also a critical issue in many portable appliances or systems. Battery technology is well established but comes with certain disadvantages with respect to life and maintenance. Supercapacitor is a latest addition in electrical energy storage devices. Supercapacitor is a pulse current device which can be used in many applications such...
Nano MnO2 powder produced by liquid coprecipitation method was absorbed on the surface of carbon nanotubes, which were synthesized by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition, to form MnO2-CNT composite material using ultrasonic mixing method for supercapacitor electrodes. The electrochemical performance of the prepared electrodes was measured by galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling test in 0...
This paper describes the electric properties of new carbon materials derived from the chemical synthesis mixed with insulation oil or lubricating oil and sulfuric acid. New carbon material as an activated carbon has higher capacitance expecting for large electric energy storage system. The capacitance and internal resistance were measured as a function of mixture ratio of the materials using the capacitor...
In this study, surface and electrical characteristics of carbon materials produced from organic waste were examined. First, used coffee grounds were carbonized and activated, and optimal times and temperatures of the carbonization-activation processing were examined, and Brunauer-Emmentt-Teller (BET) surface area, pore volume and pore size distributions were analyzed. Secondly, produced activated...
Process variation has become a major concern in the design of many nanometer circuits, including interconnect pipelines. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the types and sources of all aspects of process variations in driver -interconnect-load system. The primary sources of manufacturing variation include Deposition, Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP), Etching, Resolution Enhancement...
Technological improvements have led to the development of low resistivity materials with higher surface which are capable of storing more energy in the form of electrical charge. These developments as well as a better theoretical understanding of the process of charge transfer, a process that appears in double layer type materials, led to the development of capacitors with high capacitance, known...
A multilevel back-end-of-line structure with a dielectric constant κ ≤ 2.4 ultra low-κ materials was developed. κ=2.2 ULK build was demonstrated at a 144nm wiring pitch and a κ=2.4 ULK was demonstrated at a 288nm pitch. Good model-to-hardware correlation for the measured capacitance indicated no significant plasma damage to the ULK 2.2 material. The extracted copper resistivity was consistent with...
In this study, capacitance behavior of electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) with nanocomposite electrode for energy storage has been examined by charge-discharge characteristics. Also, internal resistance of EDLC was evaluated using two kinds of conducting filler. The one is acetylene black (AB) and the other is Ketjenblack (KB). KB was used for polarized electrodes instead of conventionally used...
A 32 nm node BEOL demonstrator using trench first hard mask (TFHM) architecture is realized. The dual damascene process is performed with ELK dielectric at line and via level and with an adapted metallization in order to meet ITRS specifications. ELK k=2.3 & k=2.2 are studied in a TFHM architecture in order to prove its extendibility to ELK dielectric materials.
Recently, the needs of integrated system for micro-machining and measurement have been increased with the appearance of micro-factory system. For boring electro-conductive high hardness material such as tungsten carbide (WC), an electrical discharge machining (EDM) is much more practical than conventional machining to bore these materials since hardness is not a dominant parameter in EDM. In this...
Two different functional die packages were characterized by measuring thermal transients and interpreting the evaluated structure functions. The objective was to find out the total junction to ambient resistance of the package and also the thermal interface resistance between the die and heat spreader .Three different tests were conducted on each package-natural convection test, natural convection...
In this study, space charge distribution in Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) for energy storage has been examined by Pulsed Electro-Acoustic (PEA) Method. Also, ketjen black was used for polarized electrodes instead of conventionally used acetylene black in order to improve the capacitance of EDLC. Usually, ketjen black exhibits higher electronic conductivity compared to acetylene black, so...
With the high development of IC industry, the size of IC is reduced and the package density is improved continuously. All of these propose higher requests to package substrate. The development directions of package substrate are miniaturization, ultrathin and multi-layer. Embedded components technology, which includes two types: embedded passive and active components, has applied to package substrate...
An on-chip buck converter with 3D chip stacking is proposed and the operation is experimentally verified. The manufactured converter achieves a maximum power efficiency of 62% for an output current of 70mA with a switching frequency of 200MHz and a 2x2mm on-chip LC output filter in 0.35mum CMOS. The use of glass epoxy interposer to increase the maximum power efficiency up to 71.3%, and the power efficiency...
Novel 3D stacked gate-all-around multichannel CMOS architectures were developed to propose low leakage solutions and new design opportunities for sub-32 nm nodes. Those architectures offer specific advantages compared to other planar or non planar CMOS devices. In particular, ultra-low IOFF (< 20 pA/mum) and high ION (> 2.2 mA/mum) were demonstrated. Moreover, those transistors do not suffer...
The development of advanced ICs architectures for the 45 nm technology node and beyond faces several integration and performance issues. Porous dielectrics are very prone to degradation during process flow, potentially compromising signal integrity. Specific processes such as annealing, restoration treatments, and pore-sealing by liner deposition are considered as potential solutions. Their utility...
This work is a continuation of an earlier study on drive level dependence (DLD), wherein the resistance of a thickness-shear crystal changes at low drive levels as the drive level changes. The earlier work used a 2-D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to show that a surface irregularity, such as an attached particle, causes rotational imbalance in the motion of a contoured thickness-shear crystal, which...
The next generation of wireless communication is a ubiquitous radio system concept, providing wireless access from short-range to wide-area, with one single reconfigurable and adaptive system for all envisaged radio environments. This paper presents the design approach of RCO (reconfigurable concurrent oscillator) that simultaneously generates two or more signals of different frequencies that eliminate...
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