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In this work, we mainly consider the synchronization problem of hybrid transmit-only nodes for slight modified IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor networks, which is called TRO 802.15.4. However, we should let the IEEE 802.15.4 networks to fit transmission cycle of transmit-only nodes in order to achieve the synchronization. The adaptive beacon interval shifting and resizing (ABISR) algorithm is then proposed...
When different technologies use the same frequency bands in close proximity, the resulting interference typically results in performance degradation. Coexistence methods exist, but these are often technology specific and require technology specific interference detection methods. To remove the root cause of the performance degradation, devices should be able to negotiate medium access even when using...
In this paper, we present a MAC protocol called Hop Extended Pipelined Routing MAC (HE-PRMAC) that enables a node to send a data packet for multiple hops in a single duty cycle similar to PR-MAC and has the ability to handle traffic overhead in an efficient way. HE-PRMAC addresses delivery latency and throughput degradation in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) using hop extended mechanism and a new...
The Medium Access Control (MAC) layer can influence the energy consumption of a wireless sensor network (WSN) to a significant level. TR-MAC is an energy-efficient preamble sampling based MAC protocol for low power WSNs suitable for low data rate and low duty cycle scenario. However, low data rate is not always maintained in wireless sensor networks which often have to deal with event-driven scenarios...
Data collection and transmission are the fundamental operations of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). A key challenge in effective data collection and transmission is to schedule and synchronize the activities of the nodes with the global clock. This paper proposes the Bandwidth Efficient Hybrid Synchronization Data Aggregation Algorithm (BESDA) using spanning tree mechanism (SPT). It uses static sink...
Existing duty-cycle MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks(WSNs), such as S-MAC, mostly do not consider the influence of inherent traffic distribution characteristic derived from network infrastructure, leading to significant end-to-end delivery latency and poor medium contention handling in data gathering. To mitigate these drawbacks, we propose a novel duty-cycle MAC protocol, called RL-MAC...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are of great interest to researchers due to their various applications in areas such as environmental monitoring, process monitoring and tracking surveillance systems. Sensors are deployed in hostile in random fashion giving self-organized topology. Medium Access Control (MAC) plays a vital role in the power saving mechanism of WSNs. MAC schemes for WSNs are different...
Bulk data transmission is an important traffic pattern of many sensor network applications. These applications deliver large amounts of sensed data to a sink node for further processing. Most of the existing bulk data transmission protocols use a single flow of communication. This is inefficient as the radio at the source node is transmitting and the sink node is receiving packets for only half of...
Recent few years are proved very progressive in terms of energy efficient protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks, but energy efficiency is still a point of focus in sensor networks. Among various MAC layer protocols, Wise MAC is known as one of the most energy efficient protocols. Non-Persistent Carrier Sense Multiple Access (NP-CSMA) and the preamble sampling are the main techniques used in basic...
Hidden node collision is a significant problem in CSMA/CA (Carrier-Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance)-based multihop networks such as wireless sensor networks. The RTS/CTS (Request to Send/Clear to Send)-based handshaking mechanism is not effective to solve this problem in multihop networks. Also, to reduce power-consumption, such a handshaking mechanism is not used in CSMA/CA networks...
To reduce the complexity of scheduling while exploiting the advantages of TDMA-based data collection, we propose TKN-TWN, a token-scheduled multi-channel data collection protocol. The TKN-TWN uses two tokens to arbitrate data-packet transmissions and associates the ownership of tokens with transmission slot assignment. For the reduction of scheduling burden, the TKN-TWN provides topology adaptability...
Wireless sensor networks based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard is able to achieve low-power transmissions in low-rate and short-distance wireless personal area networks (WPANs). It employs the slotted carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) in the contention access period (CAP). Unfortunately the periodic broadcast beacon frame is transmitted without CSMA/CA so that it could...
In this paper we compare impulse-radio ultra wideband (IR-UWB) physical layer related medium access control (MAC) protocols, Slotted Aloha and optional preamble mode six of IEEE 802.15.4–2011, and preamble sense multiple access when the events of false alarm and miss-detection are introduced. Furthermore, a generalized multi-slot channel access scheme is proposed that can, with a proper selection...
In this paper, we consider a two-tier communication scenario in an underwater sensor network. The field nodes form single-hop clusters around the gateway nodes and communicate with them via acoustic wireless links, while the gateway nodes communicate directly via radio frequency (RF) wireless links to the sink node. Thus, the field data is collected at the sink node via two-hop communication links...
Event-based systems are typically characterized by having long periods of sleep and short abrupt periods of high data traffic when an event is detected. High throughput event-based sensor network applications are severely limited by the medium access control layer. EVA-MAC is a medium access control that is tailored specifically for event based systems. In event-based systems, multiple sensors that...
EML-MAC is a new TDMA based Medium Access Control MAC protocol designed to improve the energy efficiency of the WSN nodes by improving the time slot synchronization algorithm for ML-MAC. The proposed slot assignment algorithm reduces duplicate slot assignment by reducing slot collision. This reduces the duty cycle of the transceiver by improving the handshaking process and reducing the number of transition...
Current CSMA-based MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) do not support prioritized channel access and often suffer from varying degrees of starvation and fairness problems. That is, with a little bad luck, a sensor node might have to wait arbitrarily long to send its frame, and thus results in the invisibility of some sensed area. In this paper we introduce a simple, but yet well performing...
In recent years, there has been growing interest in understanding and improving wireless sensor network (WSN) medium access control (MAC) because of the limited and constrained nature of WSNs. By controlling the access to the channel, MAC plays an important role in determining channel capacity utilization, network delay and power consumption and it affects congestion and fairness in channel usage...
In this paper, a duty cycle based multi-channel MAC protocol with multiple channel reservation, called M-cube, is proposed to tackle the triple hidden terminal problems. M-cube can make nodes to choose one actually idle channel from all the expected idle channels. Therefore, M-cube can avoid data packet collisions resulted by the triple hidden terminal problems. By minimizing the lower bound of the...
C-MAC is a highly configurable MAC protocol realized as an architecture of medium access control strategies that can be combined to produce application-specific protocols. By selecting the proper strategies and configuring their parameters, programmers can instantiate MAC protocols that closely match their applications' requirements. C-MAC relies on static metaprogramming techniques to achieve high...
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