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Electric mobility is assuming a central role in the new world energy scenario where Renewable Energy Sources (RES) have increased their contribution to the electricity production, mainly due to the fact they are characterized by a reduced environmental impact; in the aforesaid context, Electric Vehicles (EVs) can play a significant role to facilitate the integration of RES into the power grid, also...
The decentralization of control and management in electrical grid is an important evolution to integrate distributed generation into the power grids ensuring power reliability, quality and safety. Microgrids and Multi-Agent Systems are considered the key to apply this evolution. This paper presents a Multi-Agent System architecture (developed in JADE) for Microgrid operation. Furthermore, a rule-based...
Soon, virtual inertia for grid control must be covered by photovoltaic inverters. It is suggested to use DC link capacitors for this task. This requires 5 W, 50 J and a capacitor size of about 200 cm3 per installed kW, corresponding to the size of single phase DC link capacitors. It is shown that the additional power ripple (and thus current ripple) is in the order of 0.1% and the voltage ripple of...
In this paper a novel droop approach for power management in low voltage dc MicroGrids (MGs) based on a master-slave concept is presented. A virtual frequency is injected by a master unit, which is proportional to its output power. Other slave units determine their output power according to the corresponding frequency based droop characteristics. Unlike the dc voltage-droop methods, the proposed virtual...
In the framework of the 2020 European strategy, that aims the EU to become a smart, sustainable and inclusive economy, several innovative and cost-effective research and development projects are centered on the smart microgrid and sustainable energy concepts. Moreover, the need to develop energy management systems, that permit to operate energy infrastructures in an eco-friendly and sustainable manner,...
Cloud service providers are typically faced with three significant problems when running their cloud data centers, i.e., rising electricity bills, growing carbon footprints, and unexpected power outages. To mitigate these issues, running cloud data centers in smart microgrids (SMGs) is a good choice, since SMGs can enhance the energy efficiency, sustainability, and reliability of electrical services...
The article deals with the design and implementation of a reduced scale laboratory platform consisting of a number of programmable emulators. By connecting these devices into the same grid, different micro-grid configurations can be emulated, allowing to perform many experiments related to its management, control and protection. Here, the proposed platform layout is described and its performance is...
With the increasing rate of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) installed and the different Microgrids schemes implemented around the world, it has done necessary to develop intelligent and autonomous control strategies to deal with the power flow and load sharing requirements. In this document, a hierarchical controller based on a Multi-agents Systems (MAS) methodology applied to low voltage Microgrids...
Two smart-grid topologies are analyzed in this paper. The first one has two main differences from the traditional grid, a dc-bus and a smart integration module (SIM), which interconnects the dc- with the ac-bus. The second topology has only one difference from the traditional grid, a special control unit (SCU), which is attached to each device before connecting to the grid. The first topology has...
Microgrids (MGs) are promising electrical systems based on Distributed Generation and with high penetration of renewable energy sources. One important feature of MGs is the islanding capability: if there is a disturbance in the main grid, the MG will be automatically disconnected. In theory, once in islanding, the MG can continue the electrical generation but, in practice, the generation is stopped...
Smart microgrids offer a new challenging domain for power theories and compensation techniques, because they include a variety of intermittent power sources, which can have dynamic impact on power flow, voltage regulation, and distribution losses. When operating in the islanded mode, low-voltage smart microgrids can also exhibit considerable variation of amplitude and frequency of the voltage supplied...
Recently, several new loss-mitigating modulation strategies have been developed for high-frequency-link (HFL) inverters, which demonstrate capability for high efficiency and low total harmonic distortion (THD) in spite of the fact that, the HFL inverter operates without any intermediate dc-link filter. An overview of these technologies and mechanisms and their performance evaluation have been provided...
With increasing penetration of communication and control technologies that enable “smart grid” functionalities, an infrastructure is rapidly evolving that will support the formation of networks of sources and loads that are amorphous and dynamic, completely unlike any power system network that is extant today. Researchers are already conceiving microgrids and nanogrids that are completely autonomous,...
Smart grids offer a new challenging domain for power theories and compensation techniques, because they include a variety of intermittent power sources which can have dynamic impact on power flow, voltage regulation, and distribution losses. When operating in the islanded mode, smart micro-grids can also exhibit considerable variation of amplitude and frequency of the voltage supplied to the loads,...
The Smart Grid of the future will be created starting from Smart Microgrids. The modeling of Microgrids and the simulations of their real time steady state status is presented in the paper. The model is created using graphs. This paper continues a previous one, which dealt with the active power flow. This time the reactive power flow and its optimization are considered. A Windows type application...
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