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Epigenetic modifications can alter the function of genes. The epigenetics changes are caused by environmental effects, which lead to chemical modifications of the DNA or the chromatin. The mechanisms involve the influence of small interfering siRNAs on gene silencing. Epigenetic changes normally last only during the life‐time of an individual and are erased in embryos and eggs for a naive progeny...
Small non‐coding RNAs are key regulators of gene expression across eukaryotes. Piwi‐interacting small RNAs (piRNAs) are a specific type of small non‐coding RNAs, conserved across animals, which are best known as regulators of genome stability through their ability to target transposable elements for silencing. Despite the near ubiquitous presence of piRNAs in animal lineages, there are some examples...