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Among the most important neurodegenerative disorders affecting aging adults around the world are Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which affects around 4.5 million people in the United States, and Parkinson’s disease (PD), which has a prevalence of about 160 cases per 100,000 people and an incidence of about 20 cases per 100,000 people per year. In both disorders prevalence and incidence increase with age...
Rationale Previous studies have shown that adenosine A2A receptors are colocalized with dopamine D2 receptors on striatal neurons. Activation of these two receptors has antagonistic effects under a number of conditions suggesting that stimulation of adenosine A2A receptors may have behavioral effects resembling those produced by blockade of dopamine D2 receptors, but this possibility has been investigated...
The popularity of caffeine as a psychoactive drug is due to its stimulant properties, which depend on its ability to reduce adenosine transmission in the brain. Adenosine A1 and A2A receptors are expressed in the basal ganglia, a group of structures involved in various aspects of motor control. Caffeine acts as an antagonist to both types of receptors. Increasing evidence indicates that the psychomotor...
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