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In this work we have studied the simulation of blood flow in an ideal artery with stenosis because that is related to vascular disease. Stenosis is a localized narrowing of the artery typically caused by atherosclerosis. The formation of atherosclerotic plaques in coronary arteries depends, among other variables, on the hemodynamics of the arterial system. In this work, we have performed a series...
Hemodynamics in large human arteries, both in systemic and pulmonary circulation, is analysed. To the best of our knowledge, in pulsatile flow, this is the first theoretical study elaborating on hemodynamic factors such as Wall Shear Stress, Oscillatory Shear Index, Relative Residence Time and their effects on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by employing BJR slip at the lumen-wall interface, which...
This paper deals with patient-specific blood flow modeling in a stenosed internal carotid artery (ICA). An ICA stenosis has an impact on hemodynamic behavior. It can hamper the brain irrigation and even cause a stroke. Our aim is to predict the blood flow behavior through computational fluid dynamic (CFD) study. The proposed approach realizes a hemodynamic modeling within a geometric carotid model...
This paper aims at evaluating the changes that head rotation poses on morphological and flow characteristics of the carotid bifurcation (CB) and on the distribution of parameters that are regarded as important in atherosclerosis development, such as relative particle residence time (RRT), normalized oscillatory shear index (nOSI), and helicity (HL). Using a subject-specific approach, six healthy volunteers...
Atherosclerosis is the third leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. Low and oscillating wall shear stress (WSS) regions have been previously reported as parameters that correlate with the development of atherosclerosis. In this study we investigated geometric and hemodynamic changes in the carotid bifurcation as a result of posture change. Data from magnetic resonance imaging...
The siphon bend of internal carotid artery (ICA) has been reported as the most preferred location for stenoses. The geometry of the siphon is considered to be associated with the atherosclerotic stenos is. In the present study, the shape of ICA was classified into 3 types with different curvature and planarity. Accordingly, 3 siphon models were experimentally studied with particle image velocimetry...
Comprehensive analysis of coronary morphology, plaque composition, hemodynamics, and systemic cardiovascular biomarkers is hypothesized to allow prediction of plaque development. We report the status of a comprehensive project, in which baseline and follow-up intravascular ultrasound imaging of coronary arteries during routine coronary interventions serve as a source of quantitative data for development...
The aim of this study is to investigate the hemodynamic effect of the angulations in the left coronary bifurcation on subsequent development of coronary artery disease. Eight 3D left coronary artery models were generated based on the anatomical details and simulated for numerical analysis. The angulations at the left coronary bifurcation were simulated with angles ranging from 120°, 105°, 90°, 75°,...
This study was designed to investigate the hemodynamics in the left coronary artery with the aim of identifying the relationship between angulations of left coronary bifurcation and development of atherosclerosis. Six 3D left coronary models were simulated for computational fluid dynamic analysis. The left coronary model was composed of left main stem, left anterior descending and left circumflex...
While recent advances in percutaneous coronary interventions, treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions is a challenging area. For increasing the success rate of complicated angioplasty and minimizing complication, micro-robot angioplasty which has the benefits of precision and miniaturization is emerging as one of treatment modalities. Atherosclerosis might be affected by the vascular geometry such...
In several clinical and experimental circumstances, it is widely necessary to characterize the bio-mechanical changes induced by atherosclerosis to the arterial wall. In this context, the purpose of this paper is twofold. Firstly, to propose a low cost ultrasound setup to improve artery radii determination in elasticity experiments, based on two transducers using a single channel ultrasound hardware...
The carotid artery bifurcation is a common site of atherosclerosis which is a major leading cause of ischemic stroke. The impact of stenosis in the atherosclerotic carotid artery is to disturb the flow pattern and produce regions with high shear rate, turbulence, and recirculation, which are key hemodynamic factors associated with plaque rupture, clot formation, and embolism. In order to characterize...
In this work, the effect of high heart rate on the LDL transport in arteries is examined using the finite element method. The velocity profile is pulsatile, while the tachycardia case is assumed to have 40% increased flow rate and 25% increased velocity than the normal case. The Navier-Stokes equations are used to model the blood flow and LDL transfer is modeled using the convection-diffusion equation...
Fluid shear stress is intimately involved in vascular oxidative stress and atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress induces molecular signaling that regulates the development of vascular calcification. The explants of New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit aortas were used to assess vascular oxidative stress in non-obstructive, albeit inflammatory, lesions. The development of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)...
The vascular geometry may play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis by modulating the local hemodynamics and mechanical stresses of the vessel wall. The mouse is now the most popular animal model to study cardiovascular disease. Here, we present a method to characterize the 3-D geometry of mouse aortic arches by casting and light stereo-microscopic imaging. After calibration of...
The vascular geometry may play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis by modulating the local hemodynamics and mechanical stresses of the vessel wall. The mouse is now the most popular animal model to study cardiovascular disease. Here, we present a method to characterize the 3-D geometry of mouse aortic arches by casting and light stereo-microscopic imaging. After calibration of...
The role of geometric and fluid-dynamic parameters in atherogenesis is investigated by numerical solution of the relevant steady laminar flow equations, i.e. a finite-element solution of the steady-state 2-D and 3-D Navier-Stokes equations. The flow geometry representing an aortic bifurcation is a two-dimensional symmetric branching channel with and without stenosis. Since carotid flow also remains...
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