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Thermal and snowy conditions in Zagożdżonka River catchment during hydrological years 2003–2013 and winter floods are presented in paper. The meteorological and hydrological data, such as maximum, minimum, mean diurnal air temperatures, daily snow cover depth, and water discharge, collected at Czarna station (WULS-SGGW) have been used. Meteorological conditions were analyzed using indexes proposed...
One of the most important tasks in hydrology is to simulate and forecast hydrologic processes and variables. To achieve this, various linear and nonlinear hydrologic models were developed. One of the most commonly applied rainfall-runoff models is the Nash’s model of the Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (IUH) (Nash, 1957) used jointly with the CN-NRCS method. Within this paper, the Nash’s model was applied...
Problems of the retention capacity of the landscape and related runoff conditions are at present, at the time of the occurrence of frequent storm floods, a topical problem. Our research was aimed at the evaluation of effects of physical-geographical factors on hydrological conditions of the Fryšávka River drainage area occurring in the southern part of the Žďárské vrchy CHKO (Žďárské Hills Protected...
The hydrological and meteorological data collected in small, lowland catchment during snowmelt floods have been used to calculate lag time of runoff (Lag) and lag time of sediment yield (Lags). Both, Lag and Lags are important characteristics of the instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) and instantaneous unit sedimentgraph (IUSG). Field data from Zagożdżonka River catchment have been used to demonstrate...
The difficulties involved in calibration of physically based erosion models have been partly attributable to the lack of robust optimization tools. This paper presents the essential concepts and application to optimize channel and plane parameters in an erosion model, with a global optimization method known as Repulsive Particle Swarm (RPS), a variant of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method. The...
Sediments are the major source of pollution in surface waters of the Pacific Northwest Region of the USA. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between SMI water quality scores at 76 sampling sites in eight watersheds and the observed soil erosion rates on adjacent landscapes. The water quality SMI scores in streams were obtained using stream macro invertebrates as an indicator...
The influence of roofing material on concentrations of pollutants in roof runoff waters and changes of pollution concentration in time were investigated. In field studies four roofing material types were taken into consideration: ceramic tile, bituminous membrane, asbestos tile, and zinc sheeting. Samples were collected from November 2007 to March 2008. Anions, cations, metals, PAHs, pesticides, and...
The paper presents results of observations and hydro-meteorological measurements in a small catchment of the Krynica River, representative of the Tomaszów Lubelski Forest Division. The presented analysis of components of the water balance, particularly the volume of runoff, indicates the advisability of the construction of two reservoirs in the Bełżec Forest District. These reservoirs are to serve...
Land degradation caused by soil erosion (sheet and rill erosion) and soil fertility decline is a serious threat in the Ethiopian highlands, especially in the Gumara watershed. In this study the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model was applied to the Gumara watershed to predict sediment yield and runoff, to establish the spatial distribution of sediment yield and to test the potential of watershed...
The paper contains the results of eight-year-long studies on the runoff of nitrates from heavy soils used as croplands. The runoffs of nitrates from a drainage catchment and a catchment drained with ditches were compared. The drainage system was found to carry away twice as much water, with a five-fold higher concentration of nitrates and 20-fold higher load of nitrates, than the system of ditches...
Erosion factors of a part of Western Serbia, that is, different precipitation amounts and intensities, influencing humus-silicate soil formed on the serpentine, with an 18% inclination toward the northwestsoutheast at the altitude of 300 m, enabled quantitative runoff amounts and soil losses of the fallow and of autochthonous vegetation plot to be defined over a three-year study period. Throughout...
The Dobczyce Reservoir is one of the new man-made lakes located at the Raba River in the Carpath-ian Mountains. The drainage basin is underlain by flysch with a high proportion of sandstone. The river is characterized by great variability of runoff. The mean annual discharge is about 12 m3·s-1. The dam began to function in 1986 and about 2.1 m3·s-1 of fresh water has been withdrawn from the reservoir...
An analysis of concentrations of phenols in runoff in the area of Gdańsk was performed during one month of heavy rain. Five sampling places localised along streets of heavy traffic were selected. Phenol and 3,4-dimethylophenol were most often found in samples, while concentrations of phenol (120.3 – 911.6 ng/l), chlorophenol (613 ng/l) and p-nitrophenol (469.4 ng/l) were the highest.
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