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Background The translation machinery underlies a multitude of biological processes within the cell. The design and implementation of the modern translation apparatus on even the simplest course of action is extremely complex, and involves different RNA and protein factors. According to the “RNA world” idea, the critical link in the translation machinery may be assigned to an adaptor tRNA molecule...
Sequence data, even if only marginally significant, and evolutionary arguments suggest that a similarity may exist between class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and proteins involved in the nonribosomal biosynthesis of peptide antibiotics, and more in general, those belonging to the family of adenylate-forming enzymes. If correct, this hypothesis of homology may imply that the first peptide syntheses...
Mitochondrial import of tRNA is now considered as a quasi-universal phenomenon. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, one of the three lysine isoacceptors, the tRNA Lys1 with the anticodon CUU (tRNA-K1), is encoded by the nuclear genome and distributed between the cytoplasmic (> 95%) and mitochondrial (< 5%) compartments. In vivo and in vitro import assays were developed...
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