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The security is a critical issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A complex form of Denial of Service attack type is collaborative black hole attacks which challenge the security of wireless sensor networks. The purpose of this attack is to receive and drop all packets. Wireless sensor network nodes have limited energy and also have limited processing capability. WSNs devices have limited resources...
Spontaneous progress in the field of wireless sensor networks (WSN) have led to development of various protocols for reliable communication and increasing longevity of the network. While designing the protocols for WSNs, designers come across the issues like limited energy per node, limited bandwidth for communication, security, minimum communication and computational cost. This paper focuses on energy...
A massively-dense wireless sensor network may pose many challenges for efficient load-balancing routing algorithm design due to the problem scale and hardware constraints. One approach to mitigate such a scalability problem is to formulate the load-balancing routing problem as a set of partial differential equations (PDEs) through a geographic model. In this paper, we describe two well-known numerical...
A critical problem to gather data in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is energy hole. Sensor nodes transmit their data towards the static sink in a multi-hop manner. Sensor near the static sink contains all data of other sensors and its own data and thus it drains their energy very fast. So balancing energy throughout the network is important. Efficient utilization of energy is the main objective in...
Routing stands for the sending the required data to the destination in such a manner that it reaches efficiently with high throughput and accuracy. The data is transferring over the network each sensor use some energy in receiving data, sending data. The life of the network depend how much energy used up in each transmission. The problem occurs when the transmission path meets with some sort of failure...
This paper presents the grid-based directional routing algorithms for massively-dense wireless sensor networks. These algorithms have their theoretical foundation in numerically solving the load-balancing routing problems, which are formulated as partial differential equations via the geographical model. The numerical solutions provide the routing directions at equally spaced grid points in the region...
During recent years, with the rapid development of wireless sensor technologies, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) systems are widely used in various applications, such as environmental monitoring, smart home and so on. A WSN system is a self-configuring network of sensor nodes connected by wireless links. The union of sensor nodes forms an arbitrary topology. Routing in a WSN system is a critical task...
The paper presents a resource constrained adaptive multipath routing algorithm for power aware sensor network established using low power WiFi enabled micro controllers. The wireless sensor network is interfaced to the internet to facilitate data access from remote node. The multi path route discovery strategy adapts continuously with the growing network size. The route computation is optimized by...
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an experimental advance technology zigzag enables users to intertwine govern prole vigorous order of their geographical deliver thus stray then referred to as a tuning of fewer networks. A Hoop-la-hoc raucous is an adaptive, self-organizing tackle in mutable, ought to be accomplished to Hawks haw the publication of Dick successive apparatus zigzag pull off fundamental...
Localization in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is adversely effected due to Radio irregularity. This makes the localization procedure more complex. Most of the localization techniques are based on the regular radio patterns and isotropic propagation model. In order to address the problem, in this research a three dimensional radio irregularity model (3-D RIM) is proposed, that takes into account non-isotropic...
Energy efficiency is one of the key challenges for designing routing algorithms for wireless sensor networks (WSN). Fast data delivery from source node to sink node is also required for many applications. Sometimes data transmission towards the sink may be interrupted because of failure of nodes in a particular area. The various such requirements of routing data in a WSN are sometimes contradictory...
In a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) Nodes are distributed to monitor an area of interest such as a military battlefield, and transmit their data to in-situ Base-Station (BS) through multi-hop paths. In addition to collecting and processing the sensor data, the BS performs network management tasks. Due to such an important role, an adversary would try to locate the BS and target it with Denial-of-Service...
The introduction of wireless charging is a major breakthrough for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) as it can solve the bottleneck of a limited network lifetime. Wireless charging is done via mobile chargers (MCs) that go to the nodes and recharge them using magnetic resonant coupling. Coordination among the MCs and adapting the routing with the heterogeneous charge depletion rate of the nodes is crucial...
Wireless Sensor Networks are limited by the battery lifetime of the sensor nodes as well as gateways and should be able to send useful packets to the Sink. Therefore, energy efficiency and data packets are the primary parameters which have to be considered while designing clustering and routing algorithms for WSN. This paper presents an energy efficient as well as a priority based wireless sensor...
The security routing protocols practiced in a wireless sensor network are not enough to thwart the potential security breaches in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. After reviewing the existing research methodologies to resist the adversaries, it was found that existing techniques are either computationally expensive process or lead to communication overhead. Therefore, this paper presents a...
Control of congestion in case of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a very crucial area of interest, where an increase in data transmission by sensor nodes results in a proportionately smaller increase, or even a reduction in throughput. Therefore, more sophisticated techniques are required to combat with network congestion. Various constrained resources of the WSN are to be taken into account while...
Now-a-days, Sensor Networks has become key area of research and innovation for different researchers. In the past, many innovations in clustering technique have been projected to attain the objective of improving the Quality of Service of the Wireless Sensor Networks. Recently, an approach has been made to furnish in the field of WSN by executing new Balanced Cluster LEACH routing algorithm. The study...
Node Security is very important because there are many kinds of node behavior coexisting in an unknown network. Most of node trust evaluation existing is based on energy element and communication element, which is not sufficient to describe behavior security of a node. This paper evaluates node trust value by the node behavior effect on network security. It presents behavior cognition parameters and...
Data gathering in an energy efficient and timely manner is the fundamental task of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). The battery operated sensor nodes are of limited energy and it is necessary to preserve their battery power to elongate the lifetime of WSN. In Hierarchical Routing Protocol (HRP) some nodes transmit data to BS which is more energy intensive task while others are engaged in local communications...
Wireless sensor networks are being deployed in civil, military, environmental and health applications due to their versatility, low cost and rapid communication capabilities. Smart cities would be able to manage their services with the help of information and communication technologies relying to a great extent on wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we propose the use of wireless networking technologies...
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