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Mitochondria are the most important source of Reactive Oxygen species. Superoxide anion produced by mitochondria leads to damage to membranes impairing the ability of mitochondria to synthesize ATP and to carry out their wide range of metabolic functions. Thus mitochondria are both the source as well as the target for ROS. Oxidative stress generated in ischemia-reperfusion and other neurodegenerative...
Oxidative stress (OS) indicates an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). ROS and TAC levels, lipid peroxidation (LPO), acrosome reaction status and OS induced DNA damage were assessed in normozoospermic infertile men (Group I) and compared with proven fertile men (Group II; controls). Forty men with normal semen parameters were grouped...
It is well established that oxidative stress (OS) plays a major role in male infertility. OS occurs when the production of potentially destructive reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds the body's own natural antioxidant defenses, resulting in cellular damage. Antioxidant and trace element supplementation to infertile men has shown considerable improvement in sperm parameters; however, the issue of...
Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and other selenoproteins (SeP) are involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS is implicated in preeclampsia (PE). Generation of ROS and antioxidant effect of total GPx in women with PE was estimated. Since we found a significant decrease in total GPx level of women with PE, we were motivated to characterize at a molecular level SeP present in...
Obesity is the final consequence of a chronic positive energy balance in adipocytes,and it is a major risk factor for insulin resistance,type 2 diabetes mellitus,and many other lifestyle-related diseases.Adipose tissue can sense the energy status and signals other organs with adipokines.Insulin resistance is closely associated with inflammatory adipokines and oxidative stress in adipose tissue. However,...
To study the oxidative stress responses and growth behavior of marine diatom to persistent organic pollutants (POPs), Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Skeletonema costatum, two species of algae which are potentially harmful to marine environment as red tide algae, were chosen as test diatoms against three common kinds of POPs in the ocean: Aroclor 1254, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane...
Curcumin, the most active constituent of turmeric, is currently one of the major anticance new drugs and has been reported to enhance Heme Oxygenase-1(HO-1) in human brain when oxidative stress occur. Keeping the balance of HO-1 and HO-2 plays an important role in the brain. However, few researches study the effects of curcumin on the two isoenzymes of HO. Here we investigated the effects of curcumin...
There were few reports on the lipid peroxidation of aquatic organisms exposed to 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene(CDNB). This research explored the hepatic lipid peroxidation of fish to long-term exposure of CDNB for the first time. Freshwater fish Brocarded Carp were chosen as experimental animals. The fish were exposed to four different concentrations of CDNB (0.168-0.5 mg/l) for 15 days and then liver...
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of redoxsensitive transcription factors such as nuclear factor (NF)-κB have been implicated in pro-inflammatory responses induced by nanoparticles. However, there is still only little knowledge about the pro-inflammatory responses induced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The objective of the present study was to compare the ability of MWCNTs and...
Summary form only given. Intensive development of industry, the use of new materials and technologies often poses a potential hazard to human health and the environment. Recent decades are characterized by particular growth of nanotechnology, using artificial nanomaterials that are based on nanoparticles with specific properties and significant advantages compared with conventional materials. Nanoparticles...
Owing to its good flame-retardant effect, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were widely added to electronic, electrical appliances, as well as textiles and chemical products. Decabromodiphenyl Ether (BDE-209) is one class of PBDEs which was most demanded in international market. To illustrate the possible function of BDE-209 on rat liver, hepatic cells were expose to BDE-209 with different concentrations...
Oxidative stress has contributed a lot towards neurodegenerative diseases such as the Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. One of the main factors of oxidative stress is reactive oxygen species (ROS). This research aimed to determine both the possible neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects of herbal extracts (designated as NHA56). This tablet-form medicine was claimed to be effective against muscle...
The pulmonary toxicology of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was highlighted recently when single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were reported to be highly toxic and fibrotic in mice and in rats when administered by intratracheal instillation. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the effects of SWCNTs on human health and the environment before utilizing them on a large scale. The purpose of this study...
The objective of this study is to explore the relation between oxidative stress and DNA-protein crosslink formation caused by formaldehyde (FA) inhalation in mice liver. 15 Kun Ming mice were divided into 3 groups: control group, 3.0 mg/m3 gaseous FA inhaled group, 3.0 mg/m3 gaseous FA and lipoic acid (LA) treated group. The content of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the content of DPC were measured...
Localized laser beams had been observed to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2). The oxidative stress and thermal effect generated depended on the nature of the laser beam used. It was found that the ROS-induced fluorescence signal caused by femtosecond (fs) laser pulses were much smaller than that due to continuous-wave laser radiation around 1550nm...
Carbon nanotubes currently attract intense attention for various biomedical applications due to their large surface areas, high electrical conductivity, and excellent strength. However, these attractive properties of nanomaterials are also the main factors for their potential toxicity. The present study was undertaken to determine the toxicity exhibited by multi- walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in...
All-trans retinoic acid (RA) as a useful therapeutic anti-cancer agent is known to induce apoptosis and growth inhibition of human breast cancer cells (MCF- 7 cells). Whereas insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I) plays an important role in proliferation of cancer cells. RA dose- and time- dependency decreased in the level of secretion and synthesis of IGF-I. The treatment with 10' M RA for 72h significantly...
Chronic opiate intoxication has been shown to cause various pathologic changes in the liver almost in 100% of cases. Our aim is to find out the role of oxidative stress in hepatoxicity induced by heroin. Methods: A dose-increasing method was used to develop the heroin-dependent model in mice, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method, protein carbonyl by...
With development of nanotechnology application, industry and government regulators notice that nanomaterials, especially nanoparticles, have some potential intimidation for human health and environmental safety. In this work, the cytotoxicity of 20 nm and 200 nm polystyrene nanospheres was investigated in cultured L929 fibroblast cells. There was an obvious difference of cytotoxicity between 20 and...
This study aims to use manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) to investigate the progression and permanence of the gray matter injuries in a neonatal rat model by mild hypoxic-ischemia (H-I) insult. Histological analyses were performed using staining for Mn superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and glutamine synthetase (GS), which are Mn-binding enzymes against oxidative stress and glutamate excitotoxicity in neurodegeneration,...
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