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The knowledge of water temperature profiles of the upper-ocean mixed layer provides valuable input to climate studies, weather forecasts and oceanography in general. A remote-sensing lidar is an attractive method for real-time measurements of these data. The principle idea of our approach is a lidar using the time-of-flight information to measure the depth and relying on spontaneous Brillouin scattering...
The Office of Technology, Planning, and Integration for Observation (TPIO) maintains gap analysis tools that are used to compare both observing system attributes and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) User Observation Requirements to help answer NOAA-wide business questions regarding observational needs and investment. Using the information connected to NOAA products, a capabilities...
The surf-zone presents unique challenges and opportunities for observational oceanography. Physical and biogeochemical signals change quickly in and around breaking surface waves due to high magnitudes of momentum and mass transfer. Autonomous instruments can be challenging to deploy in this energetic zone. We are developing the Smartfin, a surfboard fin capable of measuring geolocated ocean chemistry...
Recent studies on global climate change have identified the Arctic as the fastest warming region on Earth. Resulting trends of receding sea ice have led to more accessible Arctic waterways during summer months and an anticipated increase in maritime transport throughout the region. Prolonged access between North America and Europe via the Northeast Passage is of significant interest to the international...
Hydrothermal vent fluids play very important role in the deep-sea geochemistry cycle, and support the extreme biological communities. But, there are very few sensors can be used for the in situ measurement of the chemical compositions of the emerging vent fluids. The extremely high temperature and pressure will kill most of them. The traditional sampling technology cannot maintain the sample temperate...
In this study, turbulent flows were measured using the Expendable Vertical Microstructure Profiler (VMP-X) at the hydrothermal fields in the Okinawa Trough (Iheya North field and Noho site) and Sagami Bay (off Itoh and at Ohmuro Caldera) to characterize the turbulence intensity. For each observation point, the turbulent flow data were successfully measured between the sea surface and the sea floor...
This paper presents an approach using small and swarm-capable autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) as flexible measurement devices for observing oceanic submesoscale eddies. The robots equipped with environmental sensors are placed near interesting oceanographic structures to measure the water column along different trajectories. The robots communicate acoustically while diving in a saw tooth pattern...
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Ecosystems and Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigations biophysical mooring site 2 (M2, 56.9°N, 164°W) time series, one of the longest running time series of its kind, has provided near-continuous biophysical measurements of the southeastern Bering Sea shelf since 1995. Since then, the array has evolved into four long-term monitoring sites...
User friendly tools strongly influence the use of scientific measurements from marine observatory platforms. Nowadays, because of the huge amount of marine data, available in many different formats, automate methodologies are required to effectively reduce the human effort. This work presents oceanobs, an open-source Python package that provides a wide range of tools to analyze data from marine observatories,...
Nowadays, Long sequences observations and modeling of artificial upwelling area is the key research direction in artificial upwelling. The traditional single point observations are not representative to the artificial upwelling region where environmental parameters are uneven distribution or change is complex. In order to obtain real-time, continuous and large-scale flow rate and temperature distribution...
While low Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentrations are not uncommon in the coastal ocean, what is less understood is how the location and size of these low DO regions vary and what impact that variability has on ecosystem health. Therefore, alternative sampling strategies are needed to continuously map these low DO areas in a way that quantifies this variability. This project applies a series of Autonomous...
The performance of single slope basin type solar still is low and the efficiency is in the range of 30%. Experimental investigations were carried in a basin type solar still varying water depth from 2 cm to 10 cm under the open environmental conditions. The effect of basin water salinity on the performance was also tested for 3000, 5000, 10000, 15000 and 20000 ppm. It is observed that with increase...
The paper will present the first results of an extended analysis based on synchronously recorded electrical and weather data, aimed to numerically evaluate the stochastic variation of transmission power losses measured on a given 400 kV line, in correlation with different environmental influence factors such as air temperature and pressure, dew point, wind speed and direction, type and amount of precipitation...
Temperature has a considerable influence on the shallow water. Due to important economic value and relation to human activity, the on-line and real-time water temperature monitoring is of great scientific and practical significance. This paper has performed an experiment of a high frequency acoustic temperature measurement. Reciprocal sound transmission and the signal cross-correlation method were...
This study builds an automatic monitoring system for the fish pond culture environment. The purpose of this study is to reduce the financial losses in fish culture stock resulting from natural disasters, and facilitate better control of the fish pond environment. The physical water quality signals are therefore extracted using temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH sensing modules. The water heater,...
Recent rapid loss of the Arctic sea ice motivates the study of the Arctic sea ice thickness. Global climate model that describe the ice's thickness evolution, require an accurate temperature profile of the Arctic sea ice. However, measuring the complete temperature profile is not feasible due to a limited number of thermal sensors. Instead, measuring the ice's thickness is doable based on the acquisition...
This paper describes a cavity technique to determine the dielectric constant of seawater at a frequency of 1.413 GHz, the center of the protected L-band (i.e. passive use only). The purpose of this study is to provide an accurate model function for NASA satellite missions to retrieve seawater salinity from remote sensing. The measurements are made using standard seawater at salinities of 30, 33, 35...
Emerging technologies such as IoT(Internet of Things) and UAS(Unmanned Aircraft Systems) enable new observing capabilities. In particular, infrared sensing of CO2 and surface temperature with satellite infrared radiometers have been operationally used since the 1970s for atmospheric soundings, and sea/land surface temperatures, such as with NOAA's HIRS/AVHRR radiometers. Recent advances also allow...
This work presents Land Surface Temperature (LST) retrieval from Landsat-8 data using the Generalized Split-Window (GSW) algorithm. First, radiative transfer modeling experiments were conducted using the moderate spectral resolution atmospheric transmittance algorithm and computer model (MODTRAN) 4.0 fed with SeeBor V5.0 atmospheric profile database to simulate the brightness temperatures in Thermal...
An improved version of the marine surface scalar wind products (version 3 beta) from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-2 (AMSR2) on the Global Change Observation Mission-W (GCOM-W) satellite were evaluated by comparisons with offshore buoy measurements, outputs from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Interim Reanalysis (ERA-Interim), and vector wind data from the...
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