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To determine the payments for delivered electricity and the power losses arising from the supply of electricity, the amount of electricity delivered from a power station to a certain consumer (reciprocal power) should be known. This to be realized requires tracing the flow of electricity. The superposition principle can be applied. The network is represented by generator nodes and consumer nodes connected...
Caribbean islands such as the Bahamas, Grenada and St. Lucia are affected yearly by seasonal hurricanes and tropical storms which can lead to blackouts and voltage variations of the power system. The Bahamas in particular consists of 16 isolated island grids which inhabits a population of 300,000. Diesel generators are employed to provide electricity for each island, but with increasing oil prices,...
This paper is an intent to quantify and analyze the impact of distributed generation(DG) in Tamil Nadu, India to examine what the benefits of decentralized generation would be for meeting rural loads. In this paper, the total loss of a practical distribution system is calculated with and without distributed generation and an index, quantifying the total line loss reduction and energy conservation...
We present a model for analyzing how gradual implementation of distributed generation (DG) in a grid can mitigate carbon dioxide emissions of a utility company. Our model uses the grid parameters and publically available data on the electricity supply and demand of a power company in Northern California: Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD), whose main central power plant uses natural gas...
The paper envisages on a smart grid based on abundant data accumulation and survey basis that indoctrinates a unfailing electrical power grid that utilizes information and flexible communications technology to get together and carry out information, such as information about the performance of utilities and consumers, in a computerized looming to perk up the efficiency, consistency, economics and...
This paper proposes an optimization based approach in allocating transmission line losses and also load flow in integrated power system network. The idea of this approach is taken from the way of real honey bees to search food or foraging activity by flying in their surrounding comb for getting the optimum value of food. The objective function in this optimization process for transmission line losses...
Electricity tracing can assess the particular impact of a generator or demand on the power system. For each generator, the technique can determine the demands they supply, and likewise, for each demand, the technique can determine the generators who provide physical supply. In addition, the proportion of the total electricity flow in each individual transmission asset can be attributed to either the...
The introduction of distributed generation (DG) onto distribution networks has a significant effect on losses and voltage profile. This effect cannot be characterized as detrimental or beneficial but is dependent on the allocation of DG on each distribution network section. Here the impact of DG on losses has been modeled, facilitating a unique approach to the allocation of DG. This approach has been...
In electricity spot markets, revenue of independent power producers (IPPs) is dependent on successful bidding strategies. This research establishes a model for strategic bidding and short-term generation scheduling in reserve co-optimized markets like the Philippine Wholesale Electricity Spot Market. The model, which is applicable to independent power producers, is based on the combination of security...
The restructuring of Electricity Supply Industry (ESI) all over the world that started mainly in the 20th century introduces an open electricity market for trading electricity between generators and suppliers in competitive environments. This transformation consists of two aspects that are related with each other; restructuring and privatization. However, due to this change, some problems and challenges...
In this paper, in the foundation of the analysis of practical power system losses after deregulation a loss allocation scheme based on real-time data is presented. The real-time data means average electricity data. The IEEE-5 standard bus system and a practical electrical network are calculated by this scheme. The results shows that the allocating results obtained by using average electricity data...
One of the key problems of energy transmission system in an independent environment refers to necessity to establish a cost for system services on nondiscriminatory bases. The prices must to be simple and transparent. A properly established cost provides economical signals for short-term and long-term recovery current expenses and for a fair cost allocation for participants. This paper presents allocation...
Transmission cost allocation is a subject of considerable debate among various stakeholders in the electricity industry. From the perspective of state regulators and load interests, cost allocation raises questions of increased or reduced electricity rates for end-use customers. For other stakeholders, it is a question of allocating the costs to the beneficiaries of new transmission projects. Renewable...
In a perfectly competitive electricity market, it is important to ascertain the contribution of each of the generators towards a given load and towards individual line loadings. This will help in charging the customers for the services and the products they use. The technique can also provide information, such as the path of green electrons which can be vital for proper implementation of imminent...
The design of a sustainable electricity generation and transmission system is based on the established science of anthropogenic climate change and the realization that depending on imported fossil-fuels is becoming a measure of energy insecurity of supply. A model is proposed which integrates generation fuel mix composition, assignment of plants and optimized power flow, using Portugal as a case study...
Recently, allocations of transmission losses have become a major issue in both regulated and deregulated systems. Two main reasons for this are performance and cost issues. Consequently, there have been a large number of investigations undertaken in the area of transmission loss allocation. The aims of this paper are to investigate several loss allocation methods and then choose the best method, or...
Recently electricity tracing flow method has been introduced which allows one to trace the flow of electricity in a meshed network. Traceable flow method algorithm has been developed with using proportional sharing method. This algorithm has been resulted some contribution coefficients. These coefficients are obtained based on the results of ordinary load flow or optimal load flow. The energy cost,...
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