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The energy crisis and environmental concern lead to widely use of renewable energy sources in form of microgrid. The intermittent nature of the microgrid's sources and the altering behaviors of loads result to unstable of the system's voltage and frequency as well as the system reliability. The purpose of this paper is to develop real-time control based decentralizing technique for handling the challenging...
This paper presents a frequency control mechanism for an AC system through the active and reactive power loops of a VSC-HVDC system. The proposed scheme makes use of the reactive power loop for inertia support by exploiting the voltage-power sensitivity of loads, and active power droop control has been used to provide governor-like support following the large-disturbance. The performance of the presented...
The objective of this paper is to improve the frequency regulation of an islanded microgrid system consisting of non-battery-backed photovoltaic (PV) systems. Operating the PV system in limited power point tracking (LPPT) mode gives provision for the application of droop control on the PV system active power, which in turn enhances the frequency regulation of the microgrid. The LPPT is a control technique...
This research develops control strategies and provides guidelines for harmoniously operating distributed multiple Energy Storage System (ESS) for frequency regulation considering their respective State Of Charge (SOC). It proposes a droop control technique to dynamically allocate functional roles of multiple ESSs based on their SOC and ramping capabilities for stabilizing the grid frequency. ESSs...
Microgrids (MGs) are attracting a significant amount of attention from researchers for their potential to increase grid reliability through the use of energy storage and local generation, making them ideal for incorporating renewable energy sources as well as smart grid applications. Much work has been done on frequency regulation of islanded MGs from generation-side management as well as through...
Traditional droop-controlled systems assume that the generators are able to provide sufficient power as required. This is however not always true, especially in renewable systems, where the energy sources (e.g., photovoltaic source) may not be able to provide enough power (or even loss of power generation) due to the intermittency. In that case, unbalance in active power generation may occur among...
Conventional power system is one of the most complex, based on fossil fuels, having matured operation and control technology while micro grid is simple, environment friendly, based on distributed energy resources, emerging as new power system can be operated in islanded as well as grid connected modes. Though the researchers have suggested many control strategy such as master/slave, current/power...
Microgrid is a single controllable unit constituting distributed generation (DG) and load in the power system. The micro source includes photovoltaic (PV) cells, wind turbine, micro turbine, fuel cell, electric accumulator and flywheel etc. Usually, the micro source operates in parallel with the normal distributed network that uses the power electronic devices. There are two typical operation modes...
A Smart Transformers (ST) is an automated transformer based on the latest power electronics and communication technologies. It aims not only at replacing the traditional transformer, but at providing also ancillary services to the grid, thanks to the greater flexibility offered by power electronics. However, in the case of grid overload caused by high load demand or high production from renewable...
In a microgrid, electric generation is based on combination of small generators and renewable resources such as solar and wind. The operating conditions of the microgrid are dynamically altered by both the load and the intermittent nature of the renewable resources. To maintain the voltage and frequency stability of such microgrid, this paper presents distributed cooperative control of a microgrid...
Increasing integration of distributed energy resources is severely impacting the operation of the power grid, modifying its topology and making it necessary to revise different technical issues that follow the massive implementation of these resources. One interesting point being currently discussed is the use of distributed energy resources for the provision of ancillary services such as load-following...
In recent years, amount of renewable energy facilities using wind turbine generator and photovoltaic power system have been increased due to natural environment and resource depletion. Moreover, all electrification apartment houses or residences and electric vehicles have been increased. However, due to the fluctuating power from renewable energy sources and loads, fluctuations of grid frequency and...
Smart microgrids are becoming an important concept to cope with the increasing demand of electricity and to integrate the large amounts of intermittent power sources in the electrical network. Microgrids are able to operate in grid-connected and islanded mode and present themselves to the utility network as controllable entities. For the primary control of the inverter-interfaced DG units, voltage-based...
A microgrid may be supplied from inertial (rotating type) and non-inertial (converter-interfaced) distributed generators (DGs). However the dynamic response of these two types of DGs is different. Inertial DGs have a slower response due to their governor characteristics while non-inertial DGs have the ability to respond very quickly. The focus of this paper is to propose better controls using droop...
The dynamic behaviour of a PWM voltage source inverter based voltage generator with an output LC filter is analyzed in this paper. This converter is able to participate to frequency regulation either in connected mode or in an islanded mode with minor modifications in the control algorithm. Thanks to a droop control, it is possible to achieve power sharing between this converter and a classical synchronous...
For a coordinated integration of the increasing amount of distributed generators in the distribution network, the microgrid has been presented. For the islanded operating condition of the microgrid, the conventional approaches for grid control are no longer applicable as the microgrid characteristics differ significantly from those of conventional power systems. Therefore, in this paper, the reactive...
Danish distribution systems are characterized by a significant penetration of small gas turbine generators (GTGs) and fixed speed wind turbine generators (WTGs). Island operation of these distribution systems are becoming a viable option for economical and technical reasons. However, stabilizing frequency in an islanded system is one of the major challenges. This paper presents three different gas...
This paper presents an energy management system (EMS) for a grid-interactive droop-controlled distributed power station, which adjust inverter output based on the power source. The control architecture consists of two levels of hierarchy: (1) the P/Q droop control method of every inverter which can manage the output power of each unit in order to avoid critical communication lines; (2) the management...
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