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This paper presents an economic optimization case study for a medium-scale hybrid PV-battery system. PV energy yield and battery operation models based on hourly satellite insolation and daily temperature data form the basis of an underlying objective function aiming to maximize the net present value of potential energy cost savings. Forecasted system prices and energy tariffs over a nine-year period...
The increased integration of distributed energy resources (DER), based mainly on renewable sources, imposes new challenges on the distribution system operation and planning. The recent developments in energy storage technologies provide opportunities to use them as distributed storage systems. This paper presents a framework to assess the investments in battery energy storage systems (BESS) for distribution...
Accurately modeling stationary battery storage behavior is crucial to pursuing cost-effective distributed energy resource opportunities. In this paper, a lithium-ion battery model was derived for building-integrated battery use cases. The proposed battery model aims to balance speed and accuracy when modeling battery behavior for real-time predictive control and optimization. To achieve these goals,...
The integration of flexible distributed energy resources in distribution grids, for instance EVs and battery storage, is often analyzed through optimal power flow approaches (OPF). A large variety of OPF-compatible unit models is observed. Furthermore, reactive power control models are often absent or limited in scope. This paper derives general unit models, composed out of two submodels: a ‘grid...
Given the variability of the demand on energy (electricity) from end consumers and the variability of supply from the renewable energy sources, the smart grid can suffer from the gap caused by the mismatch of these two variables. The energy storage techniques are required in order to minimize the impact of the mismatch between the supply and the demand. However, the selection of the storage technique...
Aggregators in smart grid are business operators providing services to aggregate and visualize electricity information, balance demand and supply, reduce energy consumption, and do the other activities with Energy Management Systems (EMSs). An aggregator for Apartment Building Energy Management Systems (Apartment-BEMSs) balances demand and supply considering all households in its building. The buildings...
The objective of this paper is to describe the implementation of a distributed and coordinated control system for converters in a shipboard distribution system that provides real-time system optimization. Multiple agents take part in the process to determine optimum power sharing for the converters. Optimal power sharing ensures minimum transmission and distribution loss while enforcing constraints...
Hybrids systems benefits are strongly dependent on the system design and the control strategy. The strategy choice strongly affect sizing and vice versa. This phenomenon is not always taken into account which leads to a non-optimal sizing of the system. This paper suggests a new method to optimize the design of hybrid power generator system from the point of view of fuel consumption taking into account...
An increasing number of retail energy markets show price fluctuations, providing users with the opportunity to buy energy at lower than average prices. We propose to temporarily store this inexpensive energy in a battery, and use it to satisfy demand when energy prices are high, thus allowing users to exploit the price variations without having to shift their demand to the low-price periods. We study...
This paper focuses on the development of a methodology for calculation of the sizing and optimization of a stand-alone hybrid system. This approach makes use of a deterministic algorithm to suggest, among a list of commercially available system devices, the optimal number and type of units ensuring that the total costs of the autonomous hybrid systems are minimized while guaranteeing the availability...
This paper demonstrates that the incorporation of optimally-rated energy storage units and renewable generators into a remote microgrid, in conjunction with an optimal dispatching strategy, can result in substantial reduction in the microgrid lifetime cost and emission. The application of such a microgrid can be in the electrification of off-grid remote communities which, typically, heavily depend...
This paper demonstrates that optimal selection of renewable power generators and energy storage devices in a grid-connected micro-grid, in conjunction with an optimal dispatch strategy, can significantly reduce the micro-grid lifetime cost and emission. The paper presents a mathematical model and optimization algorithm to identify the optimal micro-grid configuration (in terms of the installed capacities...
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